Neuropsychological diagnostics and rehabilitation of patients with memory impairments in amnestic syndrome as a result of brain damage of various etiologies

Background. Neuropsychological diagnostics and rehabilitation are among the fundamental practical tasks facing a clinical psychologist. Today, rehabilitation goes beyond the usual framework in which it was 40–50 years ago. The course of the disease, stressful influences radically change the physical, psychological and social functioning of a person. It is the functioning of a person (and not the state of his functions) in new, often limiting living conditions that becomes an object in the modern rehabilitation system, which is a joint activity of the patient, his relatives and specialists of the multidisciplinary rehabilitation team. Objective: analysis and generalization of the diagnostic and rehabilitation experience accumulated in neuropsychological rehabilitation;identification of quality criteria for neuropsychological diagnostics and rehabilitation of patients with memory impairments in case of brain damage, which should be followed by a practicing psychologist in the process of rehabilitation work. Results. Based on the analysis of applied research and practical guidelines, the recommended diagnostic tools for detecting memory impairments are presentedand the main directions and effective methods of rehabilitation work in amnestic syndrome are highlighted. It is shown that different degrees of severity of a amnestic defect requires the choice of an appropriate direction of work in the process of neuropsychological rehabilitation: the formation of new mnestic means; the organization of “suggestive and reminiscent” environments and new strategies for behavior in this environment; general (non-specific) principles of restorative learning. Conclusions. The presented material can serve as a “support” in the practical work of a clinical psychologist with patients with memory impairments and brain lesions.The text outlines the main directions of diagnostic and rehabilitation work which a practicing psychologist must be aware of

Neuropsychological diagnostics and rehabilitation for patients with disorders of executive functions in brain diseases of various etiology

Background. Disorders of regulatory (control) functions are often observed in neuropsychological practice in brain lesions. This fact determines the high practical significance of timely neuropsychological diagnosis and rehabilitation for this category of patients. Daily functioning with impaired regulatory (control) functions is carried out in conditions of limited capabilities of the patient, which significantly worsens the quality of his/her life and the social well-being of the family. Realisation of the patient’s rehabilitation potential is impossible without taking into account psychological and behavioural features, as well as organising a partnership with the immediate social environment and with a multidisciplinary team of specialists. Objective. The article aims to analyse and generalise diagnostic and rehabilitation experience accumulated in neuropsychology, as well as to develop quality criteria for neuropsychological diagnostics and rehabilitation of patients with disorders of regulatory (control) functions arising from brain injuries. Results. The analysis of applied research and practical manuals was carried out. On this basis, recommendations on diagnostics of regulatory (control) function disorders were developed. The main methodical techniques of rehabilitation work, which demonstrated their effectiveness, were generalised. Conclusion. The criteria of neuropsychological assistance highlighted in the article can be recommended for use by a practicing clinical psychologist when working with patients with disorders of control functions resulting from brain damage

Hydrophobic Cryogels Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polymeric Oil Resins

В работе представлены результаты исследований реологических свойств вязкотекучих композиций, состоящих из поливинилового спирта, нефтеполимерной смолы и воды. После цикла замораживания – оттаивания из них сформированы трехкомпонентные криогели и изучены механические, теплофизические и физико-химические свойства полученных упругих образцов. Указана перспективность использования гидрофобных криогелей, наполненных нефтеполимерной смолой, в качестве связующего компонента при бытовом и дорожном строительстве асфальтовых покрытийThe paper presents the results of studies of the flow properties of viscous compositions consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polymeric oil resin, and water. After a freeze-thaw cycle three-component cryogels are formed from them. Mechanical, thermal, physical, and chemical properties of the resulted elastic samples are studied. The prospects of using hydrophobic cryogels filled with polymeric oil resin as a binder component for road pavement construction are presente

From photoinduced to dark cytotoxicity via an octahedral cluster hydrolysis

Octahedral molybdenum and tungsten clusters have potential biological applications in photodynamic therapy and bioimaging. However, poor solubility and hydrolysis stability of these compounds hinder their application. The first water-soluble photoluminescent octahedral tungsten cluster [{W6I8}(DMSO)6](NO3)4 was synthesised and demonstrated to be at least one order of magnitude more stable towards hydrolysis than its molybdenum analogue. Biological studies of the compound on larynx carcinoma cells suggest that it has a significant photoinduced toxicity, while the dark toxicity increases with the increase of the degree of hydrolysis. The increase of the dark toxicity is associated with the in situ generation of nanoparticles that clog up the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Singlet Oxygen Production and Biological Activity of Hexanuclear Chalcocyanide Rhenium Cluster Complexes [{Re₆Q₈}(CN)₆]^4– (Q = S, Se, Te)

Octahedral rhenium cluster complexes have recently emerged as relevant building blocks for the design of singlet oxygen photosensitizing materials toward biological applications such as blue-light photodynamic therapy. However, their singlet oxygen generation ability as well as biological properties have been studied only superficially. Herein we investigate in detail the singlet oxygen photogeneration, dark and photoinduced cytotoxicity, cellular uptake kinetics, cellular localization and in vitro photoinduced oxidative stress, and photodynamic cytotoxicity of the series of octahedral rhenium cluster complexes [{Re₆Q₈}­(CN)₆]^4–, where Q = S, Se, Te. Our results demonstrate that the selenium-containing complex possesses optimal properties in terms of absorption and singlet oxygen productivity. These features coupled with the cellular internalization and low dark toxicity lead to the first photoinduced cytotoxic effect observed for a molecular [{M₆Q₈}­L₆] complex, making it a promising object for further study in terms of blue-light PDT