Transient Terrestrial Trojans: Comparative Short-term Dynamical Evolution of 2010 TK7 and 2020 XL5

The Trojan asteroids of Mars and Jupiter are long-term stable, those of Earth are expected to be just transient companions. The first Trojan of our planet, 2010 TK7, was discovered in 2010 and its resonant state was found to be transient. Here, we provide a preliminary assessment of the current dynamical status and short-term orbital evolution of 2020 XL5, a recently discovered near-Earth asteroid that might be the second known representative of this elusive population. Our calculations show that the current orbit determination of 2010 TK7 is consistent with that of a robust, present-day, yet transient, L4 Earth Trojan. In sharp contrast, the current orbit determination of 2020 XL5 is still too uncertain and its orbital evolution too chaotic to confirm a current Trojan engagement with Earth, although the nominal orbit shows such a behavior. More observations are required to provide a conclusive answer.Unidad Deptal. de Astronomía y GeodesiaFac. de Ciencias MatemáticasTRUEpu

Frontostriatal Cognitive Staging in Parkinson's Disease

Cognitive impairment and behavioural disorders are often encountered in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). A simple PD-related frontostriatal cognitive dysfunction (PDFCD) staging is proposed. Executive dysfunction and mental fatigue (stage I), depression/anxiety (stage IIa), apathy/pain (stage IIb), and dementia (stage III) reflect a sequential process of dopamine depletion occurring in different regions of the striatum (stages I and II) and the frontal cortex (stage III). In addition to these nonmotor manifestations present in the unmedicated (OFF) state, the PDFCD model also predicts a number of complications related to dopaminergic treatment (ON state), from impulse control disorders (stages I and IIa) to hallucinations (stage IIb) and psychosis (stage III). Although the model admittedly needs further refinements, it provides a framework for hypothesis testing and may help clinicians optimize therapeutic strategies

The clustering of dark matter, haloes & galaxies

In this thesis I study the spatial distribution of galaxies, haloes and dark matter particles using a suite of state-of-art cosmological N-body simulations of the growth structure in the Universe. The subjects investigated are conceptually divided into three areas. One line of research, which is made up of Chapters 2 and 3, is to explore the power and limitations of measurements of the imprint of baryonic acoustic oscillations in the clustering of galaxies. I look at how the appearance of the power spectrum is altered by different effects such as nonlinear evolution or redshift space distortions. In these chapters I also explore the best way to analyse survey data and how well new datasets, from both spectroscopic and photometric surveys, will be able to constrain the dark energy equation of state. In a second strand, I study dark matter haloes and their substructures. In Chapter 4， I look at the dependence of the clustering strength of dark haloes on the concentration of the sample. I was able to go beyond the traditional 2-point statistics to extend previous analyses to higher order statistics thanks to the development of a novel way to extract the higher order bias parameters. In Chapter 5, I then zoomed into smaller scales to study a number of properties of the population of substructures within dark haloes. In particular, I consider the mass distribution of substructures as well as their radial distribution and orientation. I also demonstrate that mergers between substructures do indeed occur, which result from objects that are dynamically or geometrically linked before accretion. In the final line of research, presented in Chapters 6 and 7, I develop ideas about how to add more realism to current theoretical predictions for galaxy clustering, and how it would be possible to use low-resolution dark matter simulations to investigate uncertainties in future observations

THE KICK START: KEY OF ITS SUPERIORITY

The purposed of this study was to observe the differences between the grab start and the kick start regarding the initial position that determines the aspect that the swimmers must train to improve their start. Results showed some advantages in the times obtained by the kick start in the block phase, keeping them until the hands entry. The kick start was able to reach a similar entry distance, similar than the grab start can do, at 0.18 s less with a small difference in the horizontal velocity in the flight. The rear foot allows the swimmers to reach an acceleration peak of 11.81 ± 2.05 m/s² in 0.37 ± 0.05 s while in the grab start the values were lower and the increase of the acceleration more progressive (8.97 ± 1.02 m/s² in 0.67 ± 0.08 s). With the kick start the swimmers were able to produce a great horizontal force since the moment of the starting signal

An update on the future Flyby of Gliese 710 to the solar system using Gaia DR3: Flyby parameters reproduced, uncertainties reduced

Charting the near-future motion of known stars through the Galaxy, none will pass closer to the Sun than Gliese 710. Here, we present an updated analysis of this upcoming flyby using Gaia DR3 data as well as the latest planetary ephemerides. Our new estimate reproduces the nominal values of those already published, but with reduced associated uncertainties. The distribution of distances of closest approach has a median value of 0.052 pc with a 90% probability of coming within 0.048–0.056 pc of the Sun; the associated time of perihelion passage is determined to be between 1.26–1.33 Myr with 90% confidence, with a most likely value of 1.29 Myr

The Closest Past Flyby of a Known Star to the Solar System: HD 7977, UCAC4 237-008148 or WISE J072003.20-084651.2?

It is argued that the closest past flyby of a known star to the solar system was that of Scholz's star (WISE J072003.20-084651.2). Here, we show that the distribution of distances of closest approach of this star has a median value of 0.330 pc with a 90% probability of coming within 0.317–0.345 pc of the Sun; the associated time of perihelion passage is determined to be between 78.6–81.1 kyr ago with 90% confidence, with a most likely value of 79.9 kyr. Using Gaia DR3 data and the latest planetary ephemerides, we found that UCAC4 237-008148 (RUWE = 0.927) approached even closer with a median perihelion distance of 0.259 pc and a 90% confidence interval of 0.249–0.269 pc, 1.158 Myr ago. HD 7977 might have passed 0.15 pc from the Sun 2.77 Myr ago, but it has RUWE = 2.015

Recent arrivals to the main asteroid belt

The region where the main asteroid belt is now located may have started empty, to become populated early in the history of the Solar system with material scattered outward by the terrestrial planets and inward by the giant planets. These dynamical pathways toward the main belt may still be active today. Here, we present results from a data mining experiment aimed at singling out present-day members of the main asteroid belt that may have reached the belt during the last few hundred years. Probable newcomers include 2003 BM1, 2007 RS62, 457175 (2008 GO98), 2010 BG18, 2010 JC58, 2010 JV52, 2010 KS6, 2010 LD74, 2010 OX38, 2011 QQ99, 2013 HT149, 2015 BH103, 2015 BU525, 2015 RO127, 2015 RS139, 2016 PC41, 2016 UU231, 2020 SA75, 2020 UO43, and 2021 UJ5, all of them in the outer belt. Some of these candidates may have been inserted in their current orbits after experiencing relatively recent close encounters with Jupiter. We also investigated the likely source regions of such new arrivals. Asteroid 2020 UO43, if real, has a non-negligible probability of having an origin in the Oort cloud or even interstellar space. Asteroid 2003 BM1 may have come from the neighborhood of Uranus. However, most newcomers—including 457175, 2011 QQ99, and 2021 UJ5—might have had an origin in Centaur orbital space. The reliability of these findings is assessed within the context of the uncertainties of the available orbit determinations

Distant trans-Neptunian object candidates from NASA's TESS mission scrutinized: fainter than predicted or false positives?

NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is performing a homogeneous survey of the sky from space in search of transiting exoplanets. The collected data are also being used for detecting passing Solar system objects, including 17 new outer Solar system body candidates located at geocentric distances in the range 80-200 au, that need follow-up observations with ground-based telescope resources for confirmation. Here, we present results of a proof-of-concept mini-survey aimed at recovering two of these candidates that was carried out with the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope and a QHY600L CMOS camera mounted at its prime focus. For each candidate attempted, we surveyed a square of over 1○ × 1○ around its expected coordinates in Sloan r'. The same patch of sky was revisited in five consecutive or nearly consecutive nights, reaching S/N > 4 at $r^{\prime }\, \lt$23 mag. We focused on the areas of sky around the circumpolar TESS candidates located at (07h:00m:15s, +86○:55':19″), 202.8 au from Earth, and (06h:39m:47s, +83○:43':54″) at 162.1 au, but we could not recover either of them at $r^{\prime }\, \le$23 mag. Based on the detailed analysis of the acquired images, we confirm that either both candidates are much fainter than predicted or that they are false positives

Evolution and Treatment of Academic Burnout in Nursing Students: A Systematic Review

Aim: To analyse the scientific literature related to the evolution of burnout syndrome during nursing studies and the interventions for the treatment or prevention of this syndrome in nursing students. Methods: A systematic review of the PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases was performed in August 2022 using the search phrase “burnout AND nursing students” to extract experimental and longitudinal studies. Results: Eleven relevant studies were obtained for analysis. Four were experimental, and seven were cohort studies. According to these studies, the interventions reduced burnout overall, but on occasion, the burnout scores for some aspects increased, as did the prevalence. Psychological and work environment-related variables were the most important factors predicting burnout. Conclusion: Burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation) tends to increase during nursing studies. Related factors include personality, coping strategies, life satisfaction, and the work environment. Interventions such as progressive muscle relaxation, behavioural therapy, and recreational music may alleviate burnout.FEDER/Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación de la Junta de AndalucíaProject P20-0062

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