Soft Open Point in Distribution Networks

The main objective of this article is to present a comprehensive review of soft open point (SOP), an emerging power electronics technology to maximize future distribution networks’ (DNs) resiliency and flexibility as well as increase hosting capacity for distributed energy resources like photovoltaics and electric vehicles. The SOP is currently an active area of research and ongoing development of new control techniques for SOP and optimization algorithm for the optimal use of SOP in DNs produces new techniques until DN operators use it comprehensively in their systems. The motivation for this work is to present the research that has been completed for the SOP and summarize the duties of SOP in DNs according to the literature and propose advanced duties for SOP according to modern standards. Finally, future research directions are mentioned to pave the way for research in the coming years to drive the DNs towards more flexibility and ‘Robust’ from controllability, stability, and protection structure point of view.© 2020 Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Fault Current Level Analysis of Future Microgrids with High Penetration Level of Power Electronic-Based Generation

The integration of power electronics-based generation has increased in the medium voltage (MV) level of the distribution networks, nowadays. It is obvious that the contribution level of this type of source is providing a limited fault current level according to the thermal and fault ride-through capability of power electronic converters. Therefore, the fault current level in the grid-connected and islanded mode of the microgrid is different and the protection scheme is required to be reviewed. In this regard, converters’ responses contribute to the stability of the microgrid in the case of abnormal conditions. This paper has investigated the effect of power electronic converters and their controllers in future microgrids with the high penetration level of power electronic-based generation. A distribution management system has been designed to address the issues and challenges of faulty conditions and a voltage ride-through technique has been proposed. The simulation results of an MV distribution network demonstrate the fault current level of the future microgrid in abnormal conditions. The proper protection strategy is designed to detect any type of short circuit fault current as well as avoidance of damage to the integrated PEC-based generations.©2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.This work was carried out mainly in the Profi4/WP2 project with the financial support provided by the Academy of Finland. Some parts of this work were done in the SolarX research project with the financial support provided by the Business Finland with Grant No. 6844/31/2018. The financial support provided through these research projects is highly acknowledged.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed