Carcass Quality of Different Meat - Typed Chickens SAS Institute Inc.,

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to compare carcass characteristics of native quality chicken white Lueyang (WL), modern commercial broiler strain Arbor Acres breeder (AA) and their respective F cross when 1 achieve a common live body weight. A total of 300 day-old chicks were allotted to three groups and reared under the same conditions until they reached market weight (1800±20 g) respectively, then ten of individual male birds from each group were killed for measuring. There were significant differences in carcass and meat characteristics for breeds at a common market weight. WL had a large age to market weight, lower abdominal fat weight, lower breast meat yield, higher leg meat yield (P<0.05 or P<0.01). moisture and lipids of both breast muscle and thigh muscle were lower for WL than AA (P<0.01), but protein and ash components of both breast muscle and thigh muscle were higher for WL than AA (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Muscle pH was higher for WL than AA (P<0.05). WL had a lower L* value than AA and their F (P<0.05), but a higher 24h 1 a* value and b* value (P<0.01). The F crosses appeared to have characteristics more like AA for carcass 1 and meat characteristics

Scalable Approach to High Coverages on Oxides via Iterative Training of a Machine-Learning Algorithm

Understanding the interaction of multiple types of adsorbate molecules on solid surfaces is crucial to establishing the stability of catalysts under various chemical environments. Computational studies on the high coverage and mixed coverages of reaction intermediates are still challenging, especially for transition-metal compounds. In this work, we present a framework to predict differential adsorption energies and identify low-energy structures under high- and mixed-adsorbate coverages on oxide materials. The approach uses Gaussian process machine-learning models with quantified uncertainty in conjunction with an iterative training algorithm to actively identify the training set. The framework is demonstrated for the mixed adsorption of CHx, NHx and OHx species on the oxygen vacancy and pristine rutile TiO2(110) surface sites. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm is highly efficient at identifying the most valuable training data, and is able to predict differential adsorption energies with a mean absolute error of ~0.3 eV based on 1.12) as the number of adsorbates increases. This framework can be directly extended to metals, metal oxides, and other materials, providing a practical route toward the investigation of the behavior of catalysts under high-coverage conditions

Skin transcriptome profiles associated with skin color in chickens.

Nutritional and medicinal benefits have been attributed to the consumption of tissues from the black-boned chickens in oriental countries. Lueyang black-boned chicken is one of the native chicken breeds. However, some birds may instead have white or lighter skin, which directly causes economic losses every year. Previous studies of pigmentation have focused on a number of genes that may play important roles in coat color regulation. Illumina2000 sequencing technology was used to catalog the global gene expression profiles in the skin of the Lueyang chicken with white versus black skin. A total of 18,608 unigenes were assembled from the reads obtained from the skin of the white and black chickens. A total of 649 known genes were differentially expressed in the black versus white chickens, with 314 genes that were up regulated and 335 genes that were down-regulated, and a total of 162 novel genes were differentially expressed in the black versus white chickens, consisting of 73 genes that were up-regulated (including 4 highly expressed genes that were expressed exclusively in the skin of the black chickens) and 89 genes that were down-regulated. There were also a total of 8 known coat-color genes expressed in previous studies (ASIP, TYR, KIT, TYRP1, OCA2, KITLG, MITF and MC1R). In this study, 4 of which showed greater expression in the black chickens, and several were up-regulated, such as KIT, ASIP, TYR and OCA2. To our surprise, KITLG, MITF and MC1R showed no significant difference in expression between the black- and white-skinned chickens, and the expression of TYRP1 was not detected in either skin color. The expression of ASIP, TYR, KIT, TYRP1, OCA2, KITLG, MITF and MC1R was validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the results of the qPCR were consistent with the RNA-seq. This study provides several candidate genes that may be associated with the development of black versus white skin. More importantly, the fact that the MC1R gene showed no significant difference in expression between the black and white chickens is of particular interest for future studies that aim to elucidate its functional role in the regulation of skin color

Crude flavonoids from Carya cathayensis Sargent inhibited HeLa cells proliferation through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest

The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer properties of crude flavonoids from Carya cathayensis Sargent bark (CCS-F), including the inhibitory effect of CCS-F on HeLa cells and the apoptosis-inducing capacity in vitro. In our results, treatment of HeLa cells with CCS-F resulted in the growth inhibition effect, and the IC50 was 95 μg/ml. Detection of apoptosis was performed by acridine orange / ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and Tdt-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining assays, which showed more apoptosis cells in CCS-F treatment group than the control group. Furthermore, CCSF (100 μg/ml) could arrest the cells in G0/G1 phase. Meanwhile, the expression of Bax was increased in the cells treated with CCS-F (100 μg/ml), with an increase in the activity of caspase-3, while Bcl-2 expression was decreased compared to the control cells. It demonstrated that CCS-F had antiproliferative activity in HeLa cells and might be a potential anticancer drug.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Strain and Ligand Effects on CO₂ Reduction Reactions over Cu–Metal Heterostructure Catalysts

The strain and ligand effects on the adsorption energies of key intermediates (*COOH, *CO, *CHO, and *COH) in CO₂ reduction reactions on the Cu–M(111) (M = Ni, Co, Cu, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt) heterolayered catalysts have been quantitatively separated using first-principles calculations. Contrary to the common belief that strain is always the leading factor influencing catalytic performance of the core–shell type heterostructure catalysts, the ligand effect due to the underlying hetero elements should not be ignored and may become dominant for strain-insensitive adsorbates (*CO and *COH). Moreover, the models of Cu­(2 ML/3 ML)–M­(111) (M = Ir, Rh, Pt, Pd) have been shown to be better catalysts for CO₂ reduction, as they require lower overpotential to drive the reaction than the Cu(111) slab. Particularly, the overpotential is predicted to be lowered by 0.17 V for Cu­(3 ML)–Ir(111) model catalyst. Thus, both effects should be considered in heterostructure catalyst design

The differentially expressed skin color genes identified in the analyzed chicken skin and their involvement in the melanogenesis pathway.

<p>The genes with a red frame are upregulated in the black skin compared to the white skin.</p

A heat-map exploring the differences in gene expression between WS and BS.

<p>Different colors represent different expression levels; a darker color represents higher expression and a greater log2 (RPKM) value.</p

Volcano plots exploring the relationship between the fold change and the level of significance.

<p>The red plot represents significance; the black plot represents no significance; log₂ (Fold Change) is equal to log₂ (WS value / BS value).</p