651 research outputs found
Improving Diffusion Models for ECG Imputation with an Augmented Template Prior
Pulsative signals such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) are extensively
collected as part of routine clinical care. However, noisy and poor-quality
recordings are a major issue for signals collected using mobile health systems,
decreasing the signal quality, leading to missing values, and affecting
automated downstream tasks. Recent studies have explored the imputation of
missing values in ECG with probabilistic time-series models. Nevertheless, in
comparison with the deterministic models, their performance is still limited,
as the variations across subjects and heart-beat relationships are not
explicitly considered in the training objective. In this work, to improve the
imputation and forecasting accuracy for ECG with probabilistic models, we
present a template-guided denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM),
PulseDiff, which is conditioned on an informative prior for a range of health
conditions. Specifically, 1) we first extract a subject-level pulsative
template from the observed values to use as an informative prior of the missing
values, which personalises the prior; 2) we then add beat-level stochastic
shift terms to augment the prior, which considers variations in the position
and amplitude of the prior at each beat; 3) we finally design a confidence
score to consider the health condition of the subject, which ensures our prior
is provided safely. Experiments with the PTBXL dataset reveal that PulseDiff
improves the performance of two strong DDPM baseline models, CSDI and
SSSD, verifying that our method guides the generation of DDPMs while
managing the uncertainty. When combined with SSSD, PulseDiff outperforms
the leading deterministic model for short-interval missing data and is
comparable for long-interval data loss
Improving Multi-Person Pose Tracking with A Confidence Network
Human pose estimation and tracking are fundamental tasks for understanding
human behaviors in videos. Existing top-down framework-based methods usually
perform three-stage tasks: human detection, pose estimation and tracking.
Although promising results have been achieved, these methods rely heavily on
high-performance detectors and may fail to track persons who are occluded or
miss-detected. To overcome these problems, in this paper, we develop a novel
keypoint confidence network and a tracking pipeline to improve human detection
and pose estimation in top-down approaches. Specifically, the keypoint
confidence network is designed to determine whether each keypoint is occluded,
and it is incorporated into the pose estimation module. In the tracking
pipeline, we propose the Bbox-revision module to reduce missing detection and
the ID-retrieve module to correct lost trajectories, improving the performance
of the detection stage. Experimental results show that our approach is
universal in human detection and pose estimation, achieving state-of-the-art
performance on both PoseTrack 2017 and 2018 datasets.Comment: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Multimedia. 11 pages, 5 figure
Pixel Sampling for Style Preserving Face Pose Editing
The existing auto-encoder based face pose editing methods primarily focus on
modeling the identity preserving ability during pose synthesis, but are less
able to preserve the image style properly, which refers to the color,
brightness, saturation, etc. In this paper, we take advantage of the well-known
frontal/profile optical illusion and present a novel two-stage approach to
solve the aforementioned dilemma, where the task of face pose manipulation is
cast into face inpainting. By selectively sampling pixels from the input face
and slightly adjust their relative locations with the proposed ``Pixel
Attention Sampling" module, the face editing result faithfully keeps the
identity information as well as the image style unchanged. By leveraging
high-dimensional embedding at the inpainting stage, finer details are
generated. Further, with the 3D facial landmarks as guidance, our method is
able to manipulate face pose in three degrees of freedom, i.e., yaw, pitch, and
roll, resulting in more flexible face pose editing than merely controlling the
yaw angle as usually achieved by the current state-of-the-art. Both the
qualitative and quantitative evaluations validate the superiority of the
proposed approach
Nonlinear sub-cyclotron resonance as a formation mechanism for gaps in banded chorus
An interesting characteristic of magnetospheric chorus is the presence of a
frequency gap at , where is the electron
cyclotron angular frequency. Recent chorus observations sometimes show
additional gaps near and . Here we present a novel
nonlinear mechanism for the formation of these gaps using Hamiltonian theory
and test-particle simulations in a homogeneous, magnetized, collisionless
plasma. We find that an oblique whistler wave with frequency at a fraction of
the electron cyclotron frequency can resonate with electrons, leading to
effective energy exchange between the wave and particles
Learning from Future: A Novel Self-Training Framework for Semantic Segmentation
Self-training has shown great potential in semi-supervised learning. Its core
idea is to use the model learned on labeled data to generate pseudo-labels for
unlabeled samples, and in turn teach itself. To obtain valid supervision,
active attempts typically employ a momentum teacher for pseudo-label prediction
yet observe the confirmation bias issue, where the incorrect predictions may
provide wrong supervision signals and get accumulated in the training process.
The primary cause of such a drawback is that the prevailing self-training
framework acts as guiding the current state with previous knowledge, because
the teacher is updated with the past student only. To alleviate this problem,
we propose a novel self-training strategy, which allows the model to learn from
the future. Concretely, at each training step, we first virtually optimize the
student (i.e., caching the gradients without applying them to the model
weights), then update the teacher with the virtual future student, and finally
ask the teacher to produce pseudo-labels for the current student as the
guidance. In this way, we manage to improve the quality of pseudo-labels and
thus boost the performance. We also develop two variants of our
future-self-training (FST) framework through peeping at the future both deeply
(FST-D) and widely (FST-W). Taking the tasks of unsupervised domain adaptive
semantic segmentation and semi-supervised semantic segmentation as the
instances, we experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of
our approach under a wide range of settings. Code will be made publicly
available.Comment: Accepted to NeurIPS 202
Effect of steam reinjection mass flow rate on the SOFC–GT system with steam reinjection
A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is regarded as the first choice of high-efficiency and clean power generation technology in the 21st century due to its characteristics of high power generation efficiency and low pollutant emission. In this paper, hydrogen is used as a fuel for SOFCs using the EBSILON platform. A sensitivity analysis of the solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine (SOFC–GT) system with steam reinjection is carried out to investigate the effect of the steam reinjection mass flow rate on the improvement of the electrical efficiency of the system and on the values of the other parameters. The results show that the variation in the steam reinjection mass flow rate has an effect on other parameters. Changes in several parameters affect the electrical efficiency of the system, which reaches 74.11% at a pressure ratio of 10, SOFC inlet temperature of 783.15 K, turbine back pressure of 70 kPa, and steam reinjection mass flow rate of 6.16 kg/s. Future research can optimize the overall parameter selection of the system in terms of economy and other aspects
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Grafted c-kit+/SSEA1− eye-wall progenitor cells delay retinal degeneration in mice by regulating neural plasticity and forming new graft-to-host synapses
Background: Despite diverse pathogenesis, the common pathological change observed in age-related macular degeneration and in most hereditary retinal degeneration (RD) diseases is photoreceptor loss. Photoreceptor replacement by cell transplantation may be a feasible treatment for RD. The major obstacles to clinical translation of stem cell-based cell therapy in RD remain the difficulty of obtaining sufficient quantities of appropriate and safe donor cells and the poor integration of grafted stem cell-derived photoreceptors into the remaining retinal circuitry. Methods: Eye-wall c-kit+/stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA1)− cells were isolated via fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and their self-renewal and differentiation potential were detected by immunochemistry and flow cytometry in vitro. After labeling with quantum nanocrystal dots and transplantation into the subretinal space of rd1 RD mice, differentiation and synapse formation by daughter cells of the eye-wall c-kit+/SSEA1− cells were evaluated by immunochemistry and western blotting. Morphological changes of the inner retina of rd1 mice after cell transplantation were demonstrated by immunochemistry. Retinal function of rd1 mice that received cell grafts was tested via flash electroretinograms and the light/dark transition test. Results: Eye-wall c-kit+/SSEA1− cells were self-renewing and clonogenic, and they retained their proliferative potential through more than 20 passages. Additionally, eye-wall c-kit+/SSEA1− cells were capable of differentiating into multiple retinal cell types including photoreceptors, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, Müller cells, and retinal pigment epithelium cells and of transdifferentiating into smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vitro. The levels of synaptophysin and postsynaptic density-95 in the retinas of eye-wall c-kit+/SSEA1− cell-transplanted rd1 mice were significantly increased at 4 weeks post transplantation. The c-kit+/SSEA1− cells were capable of differentiating into functional photoreceptors that formed new synaptic connections with recipient retinas in rd1 mice. Transplantation also partially corrected the abnormalities of inner retina of rd1 mice. At 4 and 8 weeks post transplantation, the rd1 mice that received c-kit+/SSEA1− cells showed significant increases in a-wave and b-wave amplitude and the percentage of time spent in the dark area. Conclusions: Grafted c-kit+/SSEA1− cells restored the retinal function of rd1 mice via regulating neural plasticity and forming new graft-to-host synapses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0451-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
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