Pollen pool heterogeneity in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) : a problem for estimating population outcrossing rate?

Pollen pool heterogeneity, which violates an assumption of the mixed-mating model, is one of the major problems facing population geneticists concerned with measuring plant mating systems. In the present study, isozyme markers were used to examine pollen pool heterogeneity in two natural populations of jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb.,in northwestern Ontario, Canada. Population multilocus estimates of outcrossing rate ranged from 0.829 to 0.952 and differed significantly between populations. Singletree outcrossing rates were found to be homogeneous among trees in both populations. Computer simulation studies shoved that the consanguineous mating pollen pool was a potentially important component of the pollen pool, capable of biasing population outcrossing estimates downward. In contrast, random heterogeneity of the pollen pool was found to have no effect on population estimates of outcrossing rates. Pollen pool heterogeneity existed in these two natural populations. However, it appeared to be random in nature and therefore did not affect the population outcrossing estimates

The ρ\rho-meson longitudinal leading-twist distribution amplitude

In the present paper, we suggest a convenient model for the vector $\rho$-meson longitudinal leading-twist distribution amplitude $\phi_{2;\rho}^\|$, whose distribution is controlled by a single parameter $B^\|_{2;\rho}$. By choosing proper chiral current in the correlator, we obtain new light-cone sum rules (LCSR) for the $B\to\rho$ TFFs $A_1$, $A_2$ and $V$, in which the $\delta^1$-order $\phi_{2;\rho}^\|$ provides dominant contributions. Then we make a detailed discussion on the $\phi_{2;\rho}^\|$ properties via those $B\to\rho$ TFFs. A proper choice of $B^\|_{2;\rho}$ can make all the TFFs agree with the lattice QCD predictions. A prediction of $|V_{\rm ub}|$ has also been presented by using the extrapolated TFFs, which indicates that a larger $B^{\|}_{2;\rho}$ leads to a larger $|V_{\rm ub}|$. To compare with the BABAR data on $|V_{\rm ub}|$, the longitudinal leading-twist DA $\phi_{2;\rho}^\|$ prefers a doubly-humped behavior.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Discussions improved and references updated. To be published in Phys.Lett.

Pendaftaran Peralihan Hak Milik Atas Tanah Karena Jual Beli Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pendaftaran Tanah Dalam Mewujudkan Kepastian Hukum Di Kota Tegal

Registration of transfer of ownership of land for sale based on government regulation number 24 year 1997 concerning registration of land in realizing legal certainly in town Tegal is title in my thesis. In thie thesis formulated whether the registration of the transfer of ownership of land for sale and purchase under the government regulation number 24 year 1997 on land registration has realized legal certainly ? of course, this thesis is made to study, to know, to examine, and to analyze wheter the registration of transfer of ownership of land for sale based on government regulation number 24 year 1997 concerning registration of land in city Tegal has realized legal certainly. Based on the result of this study registration the transfer of ownership of land for sale and purchase under the government regulation number 24 year 1997 about land registration has realized legal certainly in the Tegal city. Legal certainly due to the sale and purchase of ownership of the land is obtained after making the deed of sale and purchase before the official of the deed of land certificatewhich subsequentlycarried out registration of transfer of ownership rights to the land at the local land office so that identity of the land concerned has changed from the old owner to the new owner. Thus the new land owner protected his interests in performing legal act of buying and selling land

VisForum: A visual analysis system for exploring user groups in online forums

User grouping in asynchronous online forums is a common phenomenon nowadays. People with similar backgrounds or shared interests like to get together in group discussions. As tens of thousands of archived conversational posts accumulate, challenges emerge for forum administrators and analysts to effectively explore user groups in large-volume threads and gain meaningful insights into the hierarchical discussions. Identifying and comparing groups in discussion threads are nontrivial, since the number of users and posts increases with time and noises may hamper the detection of user groups. Researchers in data mining fields have proposed a large body of algorithms to explore user grouping. However, the mining result is not intuitive to understand and difficult for users to explore the details. To address these issues, we present VisForum, a visual analytic system allowing people to interactively explore user groups in a forum. We work closely with two educators who have released courses in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) platforms to compile a list of design goals to guide our design. Then, we design and implement a multi-coordinated interface as well as several novel glyphs, i.e., group glyph, user glyph, and set glyph, with different granularities. Accordingly, we propose the group Detecting 8 Sorting Algorithm to reduce noises in a collection of posts, and employ the concept of “forum-index” for users to identify high-impact forum members. Two case studies using real-world datasets demonstrate the usefulness of the system and the effectiveness of novel glyph designs. Furthermore, we conduct an in-lab user study to present the usability of VisForum.</jats:p

Flax latitudinal adaptation at LuTFL1 altered architecture and promoted fiber production

After domestication in the Near East around 10,000 years ago several founder crops, flax included, spread to European latitudes. On reaching northerly latitudes the architecture of domesticated flax became more suitable to fiber production over oil, with longer stems, smaller seeds and fewer axillary branches. Latitudinal adaptations in crops typically result in changes in flowering time, often involving the PEBP family of genes that also have the potential to influence plant architecture. Two PEBP family genes in the flax genome, LuTFL1 and LuTFL2, vary in wild and cultivated flax over latitudinal range with cultivated flax receiving LuTFL1 alleles from northerly wild flax populations. Compared to a background of population structure of flaxes over latitude, the LuTFL1 alleles display a level of differentiation that is consistent with selection for an allele III in the north. We demonstrate through heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana that LuTFL1 is a functional homolog of TFL1 in A. thaliana capable of changing both flowering time and plant architecture. We conclude that specialized fiber flax types could have formed as a consequence of a natural adaptation of cultivated flax to higher latitudes

High freezing rate improves flavor fidelity effect of hand grab mutton after short-term frozen storage

Taking the eutectic point as the final freezing temperature, the differences of flavor substances of in hand grab mutton (HGM) frozen at three rates of 0. 26 cm/h (−18°C), 0.56 cm/h (−40°C) and 2.00 cm/h (−80°C) were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the flavor of HGM decreased significantly after freezing. With the increase of freezing rate, the contents of aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, acids, esters, others, free amino acids and 5′-nucleotides were higher, and the content of specific substances was also generally increased. All samples from unfrozen and frozen HGM could be divided into four groups using an electronic nose based on different flavor characteristics. Seven common key aroma components were determined by relative odor activity value (ROAV), including hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, (E)-oct-2-enal, (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal and oct-1-en-3-ol. The higher the freezing rate, the greater the ROAVs. Taste activity values calculated by all taste substances were far &lt;1, and the direct contribution of the substances to the taste of HGM was not significant. The equivalent umami concentration of HGM frozen at −80°C was the highest. These findings indicated that higher freezing rate was more conducive to the retention of flavor substances in HGM, and the flavor fidelity effect of freezing at −80°C was particularly remarkable

Hantavirus Infections in Humans and Animals, China

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is a serious public health problem in China