Multi-behavior Recommendation with SVD Graph Neural Networks

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has been extensively employed in the field of recommender systems, offering users personalized recommendations and yielding remarkable outcomes. Recently, GNNs incorporating contrastive learning have demonstrated promising performance in handling sparse data problem of recommendation system. However, existing contrastive learning methods still have limitations in addressing the cold-start problem and resisting noise interference especially for multi-behavior recommendation. To mitigate the aforementioned issues, the present research posits a GNNs based multi-behavior recommendation model MB-SVD that utilizes Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) graphs to enhance model performance. In particular, MB-SVD considers user preferences under different behaviors, improving recommendation effectiveness while better addressing the cold-start problem. Our model introduces an innovative methodology, which subsume multi-behavior contrastive learning paradigm to proficiently discern the intricate interconnections among heterogeneous manifestations of user behavior and generates SVD graphs to automate the distillation of crucial multi-behavior self-supervised information for robust graph augmentation. Furthermore, the SVD based framework reduces the embedding dimensions and computational load. Thorough experimentation showcases the remarkable performance of our proposed MB-SVD approach in multi-behavior recommendation endeavors across diverse real-world datasets

Quantized Thermoelectric Hall Effect Induces Giant Power Factor in a Topological Semimetal

Thermoelectrics are promising by directly generating electricity from waste heat. However, (sub-)room-temperature thermoelectrics have been a long-standing challenge due to vanishing electronic entropy at low temperatures. Topological materials offer a new avenue for energy harvesting applications. Recent theories predicted that topological semimetals at the quantum limit can lead to a large, non-saturating thermopower and a quantized thermoelectric Hall conductivity approaching a universal value. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the non-saturating thermopower and quantized thermoelectric Hall effect in the topological Weyl semimetal (WSM) tantalum phosphide (TaP). An ultrahigh longitudinal thermopower Sxx= 1.1x10^3 muV/K and giant power factor ~525 muW/cm/K^2 are observed at ~40K, which is largely attributed to the quantized thermoelectric Hall effect. Our work highlights the unique quantized thermoelectric Hall effect realized in a WSM toward low-temperature energy harvesting applications.Comment: 54 pages total, 5 main figures + 22 supplementary figures. To appear in Nature Communications (2020

Synergistic effects of Yiqi Huazhuo Gushen herbal formula and valsartan on metabolic syndrome complicated with microalbuminuria

Purpose: To study the effects of a combination of Yiqi Huazhuo Gushen formula and valsartan on metabolic syndrome (MetS) complicated with microalbuminuria.Methods: Patients with MetS (100), recruited from Department of the Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; and Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Yueyang, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, were randomly divided into two sets: control group (n = 50) given valsartan treatment, and Chinese herbal medicine (CHF) group (n = 50) given Yiqi Huazhuo Gushen formula in addition to valsartan. Both therapeutic regimens were given once a day for 12 weeks. The parameters measured were conversion rate of microalbuminuria (MA), ratio of urinary albumin to creatinine (UACR), 24- h total volume of urinary protein (24hTP), urinary transferrin, urinary β2 microglobulin, constitutional index (CI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Other indices assessed were peak systolic and diastolic pressure (SBP and DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial 2 h blood glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (GH), steadystate model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), glycerin trilaurate (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).Results: All 100 subjects completed the clinical study. The outcome revealed that compared with 10.00 % in controls, the negative conversion of MA reached 28.00 % in the CHF group (p < 0.050). CHF produced reductions in MA, UACR, BMI, 24hTP and urinary β2 microglobulin (p < 0.05). It also led to marked increases in BMI, WHR, SBP, MAP, FPG, 2hPPG, HbA1c and HOMA-IR, and significant decreases in TG (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that CHF treatment results in alleviation of microalbuminuria and multiple cardiovascular risk factors in metabolic syndrome complicated with microalbuminuria. These effects correlate with improvements in insulin sensitivity and rectification of abnormal fat distribution.Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Microalbuminuria, Yiqi Huazhuo Gushen formula, Insulin resistance, Central obesit

Striatopallidal dysfunction underlies repetitive behavior in Shank3-deficient model of autism

The postsynaptic scaffolding protein SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) is critical for the development and function of glutamatergic synapses. Disruption of the SHANK3-encoding gene has been strongly implicated as a monogenic cause of autism, and Shank3 mutant mice show repetitive grooming and social interaction deficits. Although basal ganglia dysfunction has been proposed to underlie repetitive behaviors, few studies have provided direct evidence to support this notion and the exact cellular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we utilized the Shank3B mutant mouse model of autism to investigate how Shank3 mutation may differentially affect striatonigral (direct pathway) and striatopallidal (indirect pathway) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and its relevance to repetitive grooming behavior in Shank3B mutant mice. We found that Shank3 deletion preferentially affects synapses onto striatopallidal MSNs. Striatopallidal MSNs showed profound defects, including alterations in synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and spine density. Importantly, the repetitive grooming behavior was rescued by selectively enhancing the striatopallidal MSN activity via a Gq-coupled human M3 muscarinic receptor (hM3Dq), a type of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD). Our findings directly demonstrate the existence of distinct changes between 2 striatal pathways in a mouse model of autism and indicate that the indirect striatal pathway disruption might play a causative role in repetitive behavior of Shank3B mutant mice.National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) (Grant 5R01MH097104

Programmed Death (PD)-1-Deficient Mice Are Extremely Sensitive to Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain-3 (MHV-3) Infection

The inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) has the capacity to maintain peripheral tolerance and limit immunopathological damage; however, its precise role in fulminant viral hepatitis (FH) has yet to be described. Here, we investigated the functional mechanisms of PD-1 as related to FH pathogenesis induced by the murine hepatitis virus strain-3 (MHV-3). High levels of PD-1-positive CD4+, CD8+ T cells, NK cells and macrophages were observed in liver, spleen, lymph node and thymus tissues following MHV-3 infection. PD-1-deficient mice exhibited significantly higher expression of the effector molecule which initiates fibrinogen deposition, fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), than did their wild-type (WT) littermates. As a result, more severe tissue damage was produced and mortality rates were higher. Fluorescence double-staining revealed that FGL2 and PD-1 were not co-expressed on the same cells, while quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that higher levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNA transcription occurred in PD-1-deficient mice in response to MHV-3 infection. Conversely, in vivo blockade of IFN-γ and TNF-α led to efficient inhibition of FGL2 expression, greatly attenuated the development of tissue lesions, and ultimately reduced mortality. Thus, the up-regulation of FGL2 in PD-1-deficient mice was determined to be mediated by IFN-γ and TNF-α. Taken together, our results suggest that PD-1 signaling plays an essential role in decreasing the immunopathological damage induced by MHV-3 and that manipulation of this signal might be a useful strategy for FH immunotherapy

Rotational energy harvesting for self-powered sensing

Advances in wireless sensors, biomedical devices and micro-robotics exert more pressure on creating reliable, miniaturized and self-sustained energy supply solutions for these micro-electromechanical systems. Rotational energy harvesting (REH) is one of the rapidly growing areas for self-powered electronics using available rotational energy or energy converted from other sources in the environment. This paper comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art progress in REH in terms of the available energy characteristics, harvester categories, adopted methodologies and mechanisms and promising applications. Unique mechanisms and methodologies, such as using gravity and centrifugal force combined with other nonlinear mechanisms are discussed and characterized. In terms of applications, wearable and implantable devices, automotive, rotating machines, renewable energy systems and environmental sensing are discussed and reviewed to illustrate how rotational energy harvesters have been developed and adopted accordingly. Based on progress to date, the key developments, critical challenges and issues are summarized and discussed. Moving forward, an outlook is presented to outline potential research directions and opportunities in this area

Rotational energy harvesting for self-powered sensing

Advances in wireless sensors, biomedical devices, and micro-robotics exert more pressure on creating reliable, miniaturized, and self-sustained energy supply solutions for these micro-electromechanical systems. Rotational energy harvesting (REH) is one of the rapidly growing areas for self-powered electronics using available rotational energy or energy converted from other sources in the environment. This paper comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art progress in REH in terms of the available energy characteristics, harvester categories, adopted methodologies and mechanisms, and promising applications. Unique mechanisms and methodologies, such as using gravity and centrifugal force combined with other nonlinear mechanisms, are discussed and characterized. In terms of applications, wearable and implantable devices, automotive, rotating machines, renewable energy systems, and environmental sensing are discussed and reviewed to illustrate how rotational energy harvesters have been developed and adopted accordingly. Based on progress to date, the key developments, critical challenges, and issues are summarized and discussed. Moving forward, an outlook is presented to outline potential research directions and opportunities in this area

Rotational energy harvesting for self-powered sensing

Advances in wireless sensors, biomedical devices and micro-robotics exert more pressure on creating reliable, miniaturized and self-sustained energy supply solutions for these micro-electromechanical systems. Rotational energy harvesting (REH) is one of the rapidly growing areas for self-powered electronics using available rotational energy or energy converted from other sources in the environment. This paper comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art progress in REH in terms of the available energy characteristics, harvester categories, adopted methodologies and mechanisms and promising applications. Unique mechanisms and methodologies, such as using gravity and centrifugal force combined with other nonlinear mechanisms are discussed and characterized. In terms of applications, wearable and implantable devices, automotive, rotating machines, renewable energy systems and environmental sensing are discussed and reviewed to illustrate how rotational energy harvesters have been developed and adopted accordingly. Based on progress to date, the key developments, critical challenges and issues are summarized and discussed. Moving forward, an outlook is presented to outline potential research directions and opportunities in this area

Dorsal raphe nucleus–hippocampus serotonergic circuit underlies the depressive and cognitive impairments in 5×FAD male mice

Abstract Background Depressive symptoms often occur in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and exacerbate the pathogenesis of AD. However, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying the AD-associated depression remain unclear. The serotonergic system plays crucial roles in both AD and depression. Methods We used a combination of in vivo trans-synaptic circuit-dissecting anatomical approaches, chemogenetic manipulations, optogenetic manipulations, pharmacological methods, behavioral testing, and electrophysiological recording to investigate dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic circuit in AD-associated depression in AD mouse model. Results We found that the activity of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin neurons (DRN5-HT) and their projections to the dorsal hippocampal CA1 (dCA1) terminals (DRN5-HT-dCA1CaMKII) both decreased in brains of early 5×FAD mice. Chemogenetic or optogenetic activation of the DRN5-HT-dCA1CaMKII neural circuit attenuated the depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments in 5×FAD mice through serotonin receptor 1B (5-HT1BR) and 4 (5-HT4R). Pharmacological activation of 5-HT1BR or 5-HT4R attenuated the depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments in 5×FAD mice by regulating the DRN5-HT-dCA1CaMKII neural circuit to improve synaptic plasticity. Conclusions These findings provide a new mechanistic connection between depression and AD and provide potential pharmaceutical prevention targets for AD