Method and application of carbon emission calculation for ultra-high voltage (UHV) project construction

[Objective] As one of the seven key areas of “new infrastructure” development during China’s 14th Five-Year Plan period, the ultra-high voltage (UHV) projects are the backbone of China’s new power system and is of great significance to the transmission of clean energy. This study constructed a theoretical and methodological system suitable for the carbon emission measurement of UHV project construction in China, in order to clarify the carbon cost of project construction and assist project carbon management and the construction of new power systems under China’s “dual carbon” goals. [Methods] Based on the life cycle assessment method, this study broke through the cost list-based measurement system and for the first time constructed the carbon source emission inventory system for UHV project construction from the perspective of carbon footprint. On this basis, a grouping calculation method for project construction carbon emissions was proposed, which enhances the applicability and accuracy of the method. The calculation and carbon emission reduction potential evaluation of the ±800 kV UHVDC transmission project from Longdong to Shandong were conducted as an example. [Results] The results show that: (1) The method constructed in this article simplifies the calculation work to a certain extent, ensuring a relatively scientific and effective calculation of carbon emissions in the construction of ultra large transmission projects; (2) The overall carbon emissions in the construction phase are 3.367×106 tCO2e, with the main source of carbon emissions coming from non-traceable projects, accounting for 67.140% of the total; (3) The carbon emissions of unit investment are 1.667 tCO2e/10000 yuan, and the unit carbon emissions level of the large-scale super project in the power sector has not been improved. [Conclusion] The results verify the applicability of the carbon emission calculation method for UHV project construction formed in this study. The method provides a theoretical support for establishing carbon cost budgets for UHV projects in China, improving carbon emission management capabilities during the project construction phase, and assisting project carbon emission reductions. The study also revealed that fully utilizing the existing power grid foundation to plan project site selection and construction, innovating construction technology, introducing green materials, and application of digital technology in project construction management are highly promising paths of carbon emission reduction

The Mitochondrial Genome of Baylisascaris procyonis

BACKGROUND: Baylisascaris procyonis (Nematoda: Ascaridida), an intestinal nematode of raccoons, is emerging as an important helminthic zoonosis due to serious or fatal larval migrans in animals and humans. Despite its significant veterinary and public health impact, the epidemiology, molecular ecology and population genetics of this parasite remain largely unexplored. Mitochondrial (mt) genomes can provide a foundation for investigations in these areas and assist in the diagnosis and control of B. procyonis. In this study, the first complete mt genome sequence of B. procyonis was determined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based primer-walking strategy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The circular mt genome (14781 bp) of B. procyonis contained 12 protein-coding, 22 transfer RNA and 2 ribosomal RNA genes congruent with other chromadorean nematodes. Interestingly, the B. procyonis mtDNA featured an extremely long AT-rich region (1375 bp) and a high number of intergenic spacers (17), making it unique compared with other secernentean nematodes characterized to date. Additionally, the entire genome displayed notable levels of AT skew and GC skew. Based on pairwise comparisons and sliding window analysis of mt genes among the available 11 Ascaridida mtDNAs, new primer pairs were designed to amplify specific short fragments of the genes cytb (548 bp fragment) and rrnL (200 bp fragment) in the B. procyonis mtDNA, and tested as possible alternatives to existing mt molecular beacons for Ascaridida. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of mtDNAs provided novel estimates of the interrelationships of Baylisasaris and Ascaridida. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The complete mt genome sequence of B. procyonis sequenced here should contribute to molecular diagnostic methods, epidemiological investigations and ecological studies of B. procyonis and other related ascaridoids. The information will be important in refining the phylogenetic relationships within the order Ascaridida and enriching the resource of markers for systematic, population genetic and evolutionary biological studies of parasitic nematodes of socio-economic importance

Precision Higgs physics at the CEPC

The discovery of the Higgs boson with its mass around 125 GeV by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations marked the beginning of a new era in high energy physics. The Higgs boson will be the subject of extensive studies of the ongoing LHC program. At the same time, lepton collider based Higgs factories have been proposed as a possible next step beyond the LHC, with its main goal to precisely measure the properties of the Higgs boson and probe potential new physics associated with the Higgs boson. The Circular Electron Positron Collider~(CEPC) is one of such proposed Higgs factories. The CEPC is an $e^+e^-$ circular collider proposed by and to be hosted in China. Located in a tunnel of approximately 100~km in circumference, it will operate at a center-of-mass energy of 240~GeV as the Higgs factory. In this paper, we present the first estimates on the precision of the Higgs boson property measurements achievable at the CEPC and discuss implications of these measurements.Comment: 46 pages, 37 figure

Mapping Spatiotemporal Patterns and Multi-Perspective Analysis of the Surface Urban Heat Islands across 32 Major Cities in China

As urban thermal environments are being caused by global climatic changes and urbanization is not uniform on diurnal, seasonal, or annual scales, the spatiotemporal patterns of surface urban heat islands (SUHI) similarly vary between cities across regions. This research assessed the spatiotemporal variations in SUHI intensities (SUHII), and then revealed their spatiotemporal patterns and relationships that existed within 32 major cities in China using spatialization technologies, such as the self-organizing map (SOM) method and statistical methods. Results showed that the spatial patterns of the SUHII patterns in China were significantly affected by the climatic types, whereas human heat discharge also disturbed the patterns to a certain extent. Specifically, the daytime SUHIIs in China had much higher seasonal variations in North China than in South China. The nighttime SUHIIs were much weaker and more stable than the daytime SUHIIs, and had far more obvious spatial patterns with much higher values in North China than in South China. As for the temporal regimes, the temporal variation in the SUHIIs in one city was more related to the development of the urbanization. To be specific, not all cities were experiencing increasingly worse urban thermal environments with urbanization as reported by previous studies. This research not only proposes a spatiotemporal framework to study the SUHIIs patterns and their relationships, but also provides an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of SUHIIs in China