The Global Water Partnership: Between Institutional Flexibility and Legal Legitimacy

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Quasi-Judicial Bodies as Procedural Innovations : The World Bank Access to Information Appeals Procedure

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Sustainable Development, Environmental Impact Assessments and the Obligation to Consult: Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay

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Collaborating with the United Nations: Does Flexibility Imply Informality ?

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The International Court of Justice and Territorial Disputes: Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge

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Balancing the Scales : The World Bank Sanctions Process and Access to Remedies

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Introduction to the Symposium for Blockchain and Procedural Law : Law and Justice in the Age of Disintermediation

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Salon Page(s) en mai 2017

Les 27 et 28 mai 2017, le salon Page(s) s’est tenu au Bastille Design Center. Ce bâtiment industriel du milieu du xixe siècle aux pavés de bois de bout formait un très bel écrin pour les trente-huit éditeurs, graveurs, artistes, poètes venus nous présenter des livres exceptionnels. L’un des charmes de ce rendez-vous incontournable des bibliophiles et amateurs du livre d’artiste réside dans la grande disponibilité des artistes passionnés, heureux de nous montrer leurs dernières créations. Cett..

Evaluation of tandem repeats for MLVA typing of Streptococcus uberis isolated from bovine mastitis

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus uberis is a common cause of bovine mastitis and recommended control measures, based on improved milking practice, teat dipping and antibiotic treatment at drying-off, are poorly efficient against this environmental pathogen. A simple and efficient typing method would be helpful in identifying S.uberis sources, virulent strains and cow to cow transmission. The potential of MLVA (Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis; VNTR, Variable Number of Tandem Repeats) for S. uberis mastitis isolates genotyping was investigated. RESULTS: The genomic sequence of Streptococcus uberis (strain 0104J) was analyzed for potential variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). Twenty-five tandem repeats were identified and amplified by PCR with DNA samples from 24 S. uberis strains. A set of seven TRs were found to be polymorphic and used for MLVA typing of 88 S. uberis isolates. A total of 82 MLVA types were obtained with 22 types among 26 strains isolated from the milk of mastitic cows belonging to our experimental herd, and 61 types for 62 epidemiologically unrelated strains, i.e. collected in different herds and areas. CONCLUSION: The MLVA method can be applied to S. uberis genotyping and constitutes an interesting complement to existing typing methods. This method, which is easy to perform, low cost and can be used in routine, could facilitate investigations of the epidemiology of S. uberis mastitis in dairy cows