Effect of Energetic Supplementation on Forage Losses in an Oat and Italian Ryegrass Pasture under Continuous Grazing

The experiment was conducted at UFSM-RS to quantify herbage losses in oat and Italian ryegrass mixture under continuous grazing by beef heifers. A continuous grazing method with variable stocking rate was utilized to maintain the same herbage mass, 1500 kg DM/ha, in all treatments. The treatments consisted of levels of energetic supplement (0, 0.7 and 1.4% of LW/day). The pasture was evaluated every 28 days, when forage not suitable for grazing was collected in points previously marked in experimental area. The daily losses of herbage mass were of 22.32, 18.98 and 21.16 kg of DM/ha/day, equivalent to 2.61, 1.91 and 1.41% of LW for levels of 0, 0.7 and 1.4% of LW/day, respectively. The results showed greater stocking rates in supplemented treatments, being 21.2% and 57.4% higher in 0.7 and 1.4% LW/day, respectively, than unsupplemented one

Dynamics and Production of Forage in Winter Pasture under Continuous Grazing with Energetic Supplementation

This experiment was carried out at Federal University of Santa Maria, from July 09 to November 12, 1999 to evaluate the dynamics and production of forage of oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) mixture. The grazing system used was continuous with variable stocking rate to maintain 1500kg/ha of herbage mass in all treatments. The heifers were subjected to different levels of energetic supplementation. They are 0, 0.7 and 1.4% of LW/day. The pasture of oat and italian ryegrass presented an accumulation rate of 45.7, 55.1 and 50.0 kg of DM/ha /day and a total dry matter (DM) production of 7067, 7222 and 8137 kg/ha for 0, 0.7 and 1.4% of LW/day levels, respectively. The average percentage of leaf component was 8.26, 11.48 and 11.72 for oat and 23.12, 22.35 and 20.93 for Italian ryegrass at 0, 0.7 and 1.4% of LW/day levels, respectively. The supplementation neither affected the accumulation rate nor the total DM production of the pasture (P\u3e 0.05). The senescent material was lower (P\u3c 0.05) with no supplementation

Optimized hybrid YOLOu-Quasi-ProtoPNet for insulators classification

To ensure the electrical power supply, inspections are frequently performed in the power grid. Nowadays, several inspections are conducted considering the use of aerial images since the grids might be in places that are difficult to access. The classification of the insulators' conditions recorded in inspections through computer vision is challenging, as object identification methods can have low performance because they are typically pre-trained for a generalized task. Here, a hybrid method called YOLOu-Quasi-ProtoPNet is proposed for the detection and classification of failed insulators. This model is trained from scratch, using a personalized ultra-large version of YOLOv5 for insulator detection and the optimized Quasi-ProtoPNet model for classification. For the optimization of the Quasi-ProtoPNet structure, the backbones VGG-16, VGG-19, ResNet-34, ResNet-152, DenseNet-121, and DenseNet-161 are evaluated. The F1-score of 0.95165 was achieved using the proposed approach (based on DenseNet-161) which outperforms models of the same class such as the Semi-ProtoPNet, Ps-ProtoPNet, Gen-ProtoPNet, NP-ProtoPNet, and the standard ProtoPNet for the classification task

Characterization of the plasma proteome from healthy adult dogs

Introduction: Bloodwork is a widely used diagnostic tool in veterinary medicine, as diagnosis and therapeutic interventions often rely on blood biomarkers. However, biomarkers available in veterinary medicine often lack sensitivity or specificity. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics technology has been extensively used in the analysis of biological fluids. It offers excellent potential for a more comprehensive characterization of the plasma proteome in veterinary medicine. Methods: In this study, we aimed to identify and quantify plasma proteins in a cohort of healthy dogs and compare two techniques for depleting high-abundance plasma proteins to enable the detection of lower-abundance proteins via label-free quantification liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We utilized surplus lithium-heparin plasma from 30 healthy dogs, subdivided into five groups of pooled plasma from 6 randomly selected individuals each. Firstly, we used a commercial kit to deplete high-abundance plasma proteins. Secondly, we employed an in-house method to remove albumin using Blue-Sepharose. Results and discussion: Among all the samples, some of the most abundant proteins identified were apolipoprotein A and B, albumin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, fibrinogen beta chain, fibronectin, complement C3, serotransferrin, and coagulation factor V. However, neither of the depletion techniques achieved significant depletion of highly abundant proteins. Despite this limitation, we could detect and quantify many clinically relevant proteins. Determining the healthy canine proteome is a crucial first step in establishing a reference proteome for canine plasma. After enrichment, this reference proteome can later be utilized to identify protein markers associated with different diseases, thereby contributing to the diagnosis and prognosis of various pathologies

Calculation of 1-loop Hexagon Amplitudes in the Yukawa Model

We calculate a class of one-loop six-point amplitudes in the Yukawa model. The construction of multi-particle amplitudes is done in the string inspired formalism and compared to the Feynman diagrammatic approach. We show that there exists a surprisingly efficient way of calculating such amplitudes by using cyclic identities of kinematic coefficients and discuss in detail cancellation mechanisms of spurious terms. A collection of formulas which are useful for the calculation of massless hexagon amplitudes is given.Comment: 15 pages Late

Characterization of the plasma proteome from healthy adult dogs

IntroductionBloodwork is a widely used diagnostic tool in veterinary medicine, as diagnosis and therapeutic interventions often rely on blood biomarkers. However, biomarkers available in veterinary medicine often lack sensitivity or specificity. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics technology has been extensively used in the analysis of biological fluids. It offers excellent potential for a more comprehensive characterization of the plasma proteome in veterinary medicine.MethodsIn this study, we aimed to identify and quantify plasma proteins in a cohort of healthy dogs and compare two techniques for depleting high-abundance plasma proteins to enable the detection of lower-abundance proteins via label-free quantification liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We utilized surplus lithium-heparin plasma from 30 healthy dogs, subdivided into five groups of pooled plasma from 6 randomly selected individuals each. Firstly, we used a commercial kit to deplete high-abundance plasma proteins. Secondly, we employed an in-house method to remove albumin using Blue-Sepharose.Results and discussionAmong all the samples, some of the most abundant proteins identified were apolipoprotein A and B, albumin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, fibrinogen beta chain, fibronectin, complement C3, serotransferrin, and coagulation factor V. However, neither of the depletion techniques achieved significant depletion of highly abundant proteins. Despite this limitation, we could detect and quantify many clinically relevant proteins. Determining the healthy canine proteome is a crucial first step in establishing a reference proteome for canine plasma. After enrichment, this reference proteome can later be utilized to identify protein markers associated with different diseases, thereby contributing to the diagnosis and prognosis of various pathologies

Effects of High-Fat Diet on eHSP72 and Extra-to-Intracellular HSP70 Levels in Mice Submitted to Exercise under Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter

Obesity, air pollution, and exercise induce alterations in the heat shock response (HSR), in both intracellular 70?kDa heat shock proteins (iHSP70) and the plasmatic extracellular form (eHSP72). Extra-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio (H-index?=?eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio) represents a candidate biomarker of subclinical health status. This study investigated the effects of moderate- and high-intensity exercise in the HSR and oxidative stress parameters, in obese mice exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Thirty-day-old male isogenic B6129F2/J mice were maintained for 16 weeks on standard chow or high-fat diet (HFD). Then, mice were exposed to either saline or 50?µg of PM2.5 by intranasal instillation and subsequently maintained at rest or subjected to moderate- or high-intensity swimming exercise. HFD mice exhibited high adiposity and glucose intolerance at week 16th. HFD mice submitted to moderate- or high-intensity exercise were not able to complete the exercise session and showed lower levels of eHSP70 and H-index, when compared to controls. PM2.5 exposure modified the glycaemic response to exercise and modified hematological responses in HFD mice. Our study suggests that obesity is a critical health condition for exercise prescription under PM2.5 exposure

Microbiota cultivable fecal, crecimiento y parámetros clínicos de terneros suplementados con bacterias ácido lácticas y lactosa previo y durante una infección experimental con Salmonella Dublin DSPV 595T

The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic inoculum + lactose effect on weight, intestinal culturable microbiota, morbidity and mortality of young calves challenged with Salmonella Dublin DSPV 595T. Twenty eight calves were used, divided in control group (CG) and probiotic group (PG). The PG was provided with 100 g lactose.calf-1.d-1 and 1010 CFU.calf-1.d-1 of each strain of a probiotic inoculum composed of Lactobacillus casei DSPV 318T, Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV 315T and Pediococcus acidilactici DSPV 006T throughout the experiment. The pathogen was administered on day 11 of the experiment, at an oral dose of 109 CFU.calf-1. Lactobacillus and yeast populations were modified in PG because of inoculum + lactose administration. Severity of diarrhea was lower in PG. No differences were found on the rest of clinical sings, live weight and mortality between the two groups analyzed. In our study, the periodic administration of a probiotic inoculum of bovine origin and lactose, favoured the establishment of a more stable and balanced intestinal culturable microbiota, even during an infection with Salmonella. The generated model of acute infection gave opportunity to the probiotic to exert its beneficial effect on severity of diarrhea. However, for future studies use of lower doses of S. Dublin DSPV 595T are recommended, to generate less severe model for evaluate if the inoculum is able to exert a differential response in the clinical symptoms of young calves.El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del inóculo probiótico + lactosa sobre el peso, la microbiota intestinal, la morbilidad y la mortalidad de terneros jóvenes desafiados con Salmonella Dublin DSPV 595T. Se utilizaron 24 terneros divididos en un grupo control (GC) y un grupo probiótico (GP). Al GP se le administró 100 g lactosa.ternero–1.d–1 y 1010 UFC.ternero-1.d–1 de cada cepa de un inóculo probiótico compuesto por Lactobacillus casei DSPV318T, Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV315T y Pediococcus acidilactici DSPV006T a lo largo de todo el experimento. El patógeno fue administrado el día 11 del experimento, en una dosis oral de 109 UFC.animal–1. Las poblaciones de Lactobacillus y levaduras fueron modificadas en el GP a causa de la administración del inóculo + lactosa. La severidad de la diarrea fue menor en el GP. No se encontraron diferencias en el resto de los signos clínicos, el peso vivo y la mortalidad entre los dos grupos analizados. En este estudio, la administración periódica de un inóculo probiótico de origen bovino y lactosa, favoreció el establecimiento de una microbiota intestinal más estable y balanceada, aun durante una infección con Salmonella. El modelo de infección aguda le dio la oportunidad al probiótico de ejercer su efecto benéfico sobre la severidad de la diarrea. Sin embargo, para futuros estudios se recomienda el uso de dosis menores de S. Dublin DSPV 595T, para generar un modelo menos severo para evaluar si el inóculo es capaz de ejercer una respuesta diferente en los signos clínicos de terneros jóvenes.Fil: Soto, Lorena Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Frizzo, Laureano Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Signorini Porchietto, Marcelo Lisandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Zbrun, María Virginia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Lavari, Luisina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Bertozzi, E.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Sequeira, G. J.. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Rosmini, M.R.. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Plasma proteome signature of canine acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome (AHDS)

Acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea is a common complaint in dogs. In addition to causes like intestinal parasites, dietary indiscretion, intestinal foreign bodies, canine parvovirus infection, or hypoadrenocorticism, acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome (AHDS) is an important and sometimes life-threatening differential diagnosis. There is some evidence supporting the link between Clostridium perfringens toxins and AHDS. These toxins may be partially responsible for the epithelial cell injury, but the pathogenesis of AHDS is still not fully understood. Recent studies have suggested that severe damage to the intestinal mucosa and associated barrier dysfunction can trigger chronic gastrointestinal illnesses. Besides bloodwork and classical markers for AHDS such as protein loss and intestinal bacterial dysbiosis, we focused mainly on the plasma-proteome to identify systemic pathological alterations during this disease and searched for potential biomarkers to improve the diagnosis. To accomplish the goals, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We compared the proteomic profiles of 20 dogs with AHDS to 20 age-, breed-, and sex-matched control dogs. All dogs were examined, and several blood work parameters were determined and compared, including plasma biochemistry and cell counts. We identified and quantified (relative quantification) 207 plasmatic proteins, from which dozens showed significantly altered levels in AHDS. Serpina3, Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, several Ig-like domain-containing proteins, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and Serum amyloid A were more abundant in plasma from AHDS affected dogs. In contrast, other proteins such as Paraoxonase, Selenoprotein, Amine oxidases, and Apolipoprotein C-IV were significantly less abundant. Many of the identified and quantified proteins are known to be associated with inflammation. Other proteins like Serpina3 and RPLP1 have a relevant role in oncogenesis. Some proteins and their roles have not yet been described in dogs with diarrhoea. Our study opens new avenues that could contribute to the understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of AHDS