Latitudinal dependence of Pi2 frequencies observed with the mid-latitude SuperDARN radar in North America

第4回極域科学シンポジウム個別セッション：[OS] 宙空圏11月14日（木）〜15日（金）国立極地研究所 2階大会議室前ラウン

Heliophysics and Amateur Radio:Citizen Science Collaborations for Atmospheric, Ionospheric, and Space Physics Research and Operations

The amateur radio community is a global, highly engaged, and technical community with an intense interest in space weather, its underlying physics, and how it impacts radio communications. The large-scale observational capabilities of distributed instrumentation fielded by amateur radio operators and radio science enthusiasts offers a tremendous opportunity to advance the fields of heliophysics, radio science, and space weather. Well-established amateur radio networks like the RBN, WSPRNet, and PSKReporter already provide rich, ever-growing, long-term data of bottomside ionospheric observations. Up-and-coming purpose-built citizen science networks, and their associated novel instruments, offer opportunities for citizen scientists, professional researchers, and industry to field networks for specific science questions and operational needs. Here, we discuss the scientific and technical capabilities of the global amateur radio community, review methods of collaboration between the amateur radio and professional scientific community, and review recent peer-reviewed studies that have made use of amateur radio data and methods. Finally, we present recommendations submitted to the U.S. National Academy of Science Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024–2033 for using amateur radio to further advance heliophysics and for fostering deeper collaborations between the professional science and amateur radio communities. Technical recommendations include increasing support for distributed instrumentation fielded by amateur radio operators and citizen scientists, developing novel transmissions of RF signals that can be used in citizen science experiments, developing new amateur radio modes that simultaneously allow for communications and ionospheric sounding, and formally incorporating the amateur radio community and its observational assets into the Space Weather R2O2R framework. Collaborative recommendations include allocating resources for amateur radio citizen science research projects and activities, developing amateur radio research and educational activities in collaboration with leading organizations within the amateur radio community, facilitating communication and collegiality between professional researchers and amateurs, ensuring that proposed projects are of a mutual benefit to both the professional research and amateur radio communities, and working towards diverse, equitable, and inclusive communities

Supporting Information for First Observations of Large Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Using Automated Amateur Radio Receiving Networks

Introduction The supporting information for this paper consists of a movie version of Figure 2 in the main paper, comparing the high frequency (HF) amateur radio observations to differential Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements. In this revised version of the repository, the TEC data has been reprocessed such that all GNSS data with elevation angles down to 10 degrees were kept when applying the Savitzky–Golay (SG) filter. After the SG filter was applied, data with elevation angles below 30 degrees were discarded. This was done to remove artifacts observed in the original movies. Movie S1 (20171103 Ham and TEC LSTID.mp4) (Top Panel) Time series showing the TX-RX distance for 14 MHz amateur radio spots in 2 min by 25 km bins from 1200 UT 3 Nov 2017 - 0000 UT 4 Nov 2017. (Bottom Panel) differential Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements over the Continental United States corresponding to the times indicated by the moving white vertical line in the top panel. Movie S2 (20171103 Ham and TEC LSTID – With Arrow.mp4) Same as movie S1, but with a fiducial black arrow indicating an estimated LSTID horizontal wavelength of 1681 km and propagation azimuth of 163°

Storm-time response of the mid-latitude thermosphere: Observations from a network of Fabry-Perot interferometers

Observations of thermospheric neutral winds and temperatures obtained from a network of five Fabry-Perot interferometers deployed in the midwest United States during a geomagnetic storm on 2 October 2013 showed that coincident with the commencement of the storm, the horizontal wind was observed to surge westward and southward (towards the equator). Simultaneous with this surge in the horizontal winds, an apparent downward wind of approximately 100 m/s lasting for 6 hours was also observed. The neutral temperature was observed to increase by approximately 400 K over all of the sites. Similar results of downward vertical winds and sustained heating have been seen in other geomagnetic storm events. The large sustained apparent downward winds are interpreted as arising from the contamination of the nominal spectral profile of the 630.0-nm population distribution, which is thermalized within the thermosphere region, by fast O related to the infusion of low-energy O+ ions that are generated by charge exchange and momentum transfer collisions. This interpretation is supported through simultaneous observations made by the Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron spectrometer instruments on the twin Van Allen Probes spacecrafts, which show an influx of low-energy ions well correlated with the period of apparent downward winds. These results emphasize the importance of distributed networks of instruments in understanding the complex dynamics that occur in the upper atmosphere during disturbed conditions and represent an example of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling