Algebras stratified for all linear orders

In this paper we describe several characterizations of basic finite-dimensional $k$-algebras $A$ stratified for all linear orders, and classify their graded algebras as tensor algebras satisfying some extra property. We also discuss whether for a given preorder $\preccurlyeq$, $\mathcal{F} (_{\preccurlyeq} \Delta)$, the category of $A$-modules with $_{\preccurlyeq} \Delta$-filtrations, is closed under cokernels of monomorphisms, and classify quasi-hereditary algebras satisfying this property.Comment: Final version accepted by Alg. Repn. Theor

Strain engineering for controlled growth of thin-film FeNi L10

FeNi thin films in the L1(0) phase were successfully grown by magnetron sputtering on HF-etched Si(001) substrates on Cu/Cu100-xNix buffers. The strain of the FeNi layer, (c/a)(FeNi), was varied in a controlled manner by changing the Ni content of the Cu100-xNix buffer layer from x = 0 at.% to x = 90 at.%, which influenced the common in- plane lattice parameter of the CuNi and FeNi layers. The presence of the L1(0) phase was confirmed by resonant x-ray diffraction measurements at various positions in reciprocal space. The uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy K-U is observed to be smaller (around 0.35 MJ m(-3)) than predicted for a perfect FeNi L1(0) sample, but it is larger than for previously studied films. No notable variation in K-U with strain state (c/a)(FeNi) is observed in the range achieved (0.99 less than or similar to (c/a)(FeNi) less than or similar to 1.02), which is in agreement with theoretical predictions

SPATIAL, TEMPORAL, AND KINETIC VARIABLES DURING THE EARLY ACCELERATION PHASE OF SPRINTING

This study evaluated the relationships between spatial, temporal, and kinetic variables and velocity during the early acceleration phase of sprinting. Ten women and ten men performed sprints across two force platforms. Pearson’s and partial correlation coefficients removing the effect of sex were used to assess relationships between step and sprint velocity during the first four steps and a variety of variables. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlations and partial correlations were found between overall sprinting velocity and subject height, countermovement jump, average horizontal force, vertical force, H:V force, stride frequency, foot contact duration and step distance. During the acceleration phase of sprint training, it may be important to liberalize step length after the first two steps. A variety of other recommendations are made

KINETIC, SPATIAL, AND TEMPORAL ASSESSENT OF OVERSPEED TOWING WITH ELASTIC TUBING

Subjects (N = 15) performed sprints over force platforms in a normal condition and in three overspeed conditions of differing elastic tube stretch length. Kinetic and kinematic data were derived. A 3 x 4 RM ANOVA was used to analyze the results. The horizontal and vertical ground reaction force (GRF), and the ratio of horizontal to vertical GRF did not differ among conditions (p ˃ 0.05). However, ground contact time was 8.3% to 10.4% shorter, time between steps was 1.4% to 2.7% lower, distance between steps was up to 1.2% greater, and velocity was 3.7% higher in some overspeed towing conditions compared to the normal condition (p ≤ 0.05). Longer tube conditions were more optimal in most cases. Compared to normal running, overspeed towing results in increased sprinting velocity despite no differences in horizontal or vertical kinetics compared to normal running

BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF TIRE FLIPPING WITH TIRES OF DIFFERENT MASSES AND THEIR POTENTIAL SPECIFICITY TO SPRINTING

This study compared the kinetics of tire flipping with different mass tires and sprinting to evaluate the potential specificity of this training stimulus. Subjects (N=15) performed tire flips with a 54.3 kg tire, a 102.1 kg tire, and sprinted on two large force platforms. Dependent variables included peak horizontal ground reaction force (HGRF), peak vertical GRF (VGRF), horizontal to vertical GRF ratio (H:V), and rate of vertical GRF development (VRFD). A RM ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Significant main effects were found for all dependent variables (p ≤ 0.03). Post-hoc analysis showed that the tires were different (p ≤ 0.04) for all dependent variables except for VRFD (p = 0.99). Post-hoc analysis showed that the 54.3 kg tire was more similar to the kinetics of sprinting for HGRF, VGRF, and H:V. Only tire flipping with a lighter tire was similar to key kinetic parameters of sprinting

IT investment evaluation: why hasn ’t it become an organization routine?

In this study we attempt to understand why formal evaluations of IT investment projects have not yet become an organizational routine. Using survey data gathered from business and IT managers in Sweden, we tested the research hypotheses about the factors influencing the attitudes and behaviour of managers towards using formal evaluation methods based on the theory of planned behaviour. We found that the intent to use formal evaluation methods in an organization is determined by the attitudes of the managers towards the formal methods, the common beliefs of the organization about the formal methods, and the perceived ability to perform formal evaluations. Interestingly, we found that the attitudes toward formal methods are determined mostly by the perceived usefulness of the methods and not by the perceived ease of use of these methods, suggesting that the decision to use formal methods is most likely based on rational analyses rather than individual preferences. We also found that awareness and selfefficacy contribute to the use of formal methods via influences on organizational beliefs and perceived ability to perform evaluation tasks. These findings provide some interesting managerial implications for advocating the use of formal methods in organizations

SEX-BASED ANALYSIS OF SPRINT ACCELERATION

This study assessed a variety of kinetic, spatial, and temporal variables during the early acceleration phase of sprinting for both men and women (N = 20) during standing and sprinter position starts. Forces, step distance, time, and velocity measured from the first four steps of each start via force platforms were compared across start, step, and sex via ANCOVA while removing the effect of height or weight. Velocity increased from step 1 to steps 2 and 3; while overall velocity was lower for women and the standing start (p \u3c 0.05). There were interactions of start * sex for horizontal force, ratio of horizontal to vertical force, overall velocity, and overall time (p \u3c 0.05). Men’s performance tended to be more negatively affected when using the standing start than women’s performance

SEX-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE BIOMECHANICS OF PITCHING

This study assessed sex-based differences in the lower extremity kinetics and ball velocity during pitching. Fifteen men baseball players and fifteen women softball players threw fastballs on two force platforms, to assess propulsive and landing biomechanics. Doppler radar was used to assess ball velocity. Kinetic and kinematic data comparing men and women were analyzed with independent samples t-test. Paired samples t-test were used to assess difference between the propulsive and landing phases. Pearson’s bivariate correlations were used to assess the relationship between study variables and ball velocity. Few sex-based difference in the magnitude and rate of propulsive force development exist. Sex based differences (p \u3c 0.05) were found for all but one landing phase variable. None of the biomechanical variables assessed were related to ball velocity

Ultimate quantum limit for amplification: A single atom in front of a mirror

We investigate three types of amplification processes for light fields coupling to an atom near the end of a one-dimensional (1D) semi-infinite waveguide. We consider two setups where a drive creates population inversion in the bare or dressed basis of a three-level atom and one setup where the amplification is due to higher-order processes in a driven two-level atom. In all cases, the end of the waveguide acts as a mirror for the light. We find that this enhances the amplification in two ways compared to the same setups in an open waveguide. Firstly, the mirror forces all output from the atom to travel in one direction instead of being split up into two output channels. Secondly, interference due to the mirror enables tuning of the ratio of relaxation rates for different transitions in the atom to increase population inversion. We quantify the enhancement in amplification due to these factors and show that it can be demonstrated for standard parameters in experiments with superconducting quantum circuits