7 research outputs found
Effect of dried garlic flesh and dried garlic juice on body fat and lipid metabolism in 9-month-old rats with diet-induced obesity
Children with autism spectrum disorders show abnormal conditioned response timing on delay, but not trace, eyeblink conditioning
Late Holocene flood magnitudes in the Lower Rhine river valley and upper delta resolved by a twoâdimensional hydraulic modelling approach
Palaeoflood hydraulic modelling is essential for quantifying âmillennial floodâ events not covered in the instrumental record. Palaeoflood modelling research has largely focused on oneâdimensional analysis for geomorphologically stable fluvial settings because twoâdimensional analysis for dynamic alluvial settings is time consuming and requires a detailed representation of the past landscape. In this study, we make the step to spatially continuous palaeoflood modelling for a large and dynamic lowland area. We applied advanced hydraulic model simulations (1Dâ2D coupled setâup in HECâRAS with 950 channel sections and 108 Ă 103 floodplain grid cells) to quantify the extent and magnitude of past floods in the Lower Rhine river valley and upper delta. As input, we used a highâresolution terrain reconstruction (palaeoâDEM) of the area in early mediaeval times, complemented with hydraulic roughness values. After conducting a series of model runs with increasing discharge magnitudes at the upstream boundary, we compared the simulated flood water levels with an inventory of exceeded and nonâexceeded elevations extracted from various geological, archaeological and historical sources. This comparison demonstrated a Lower Rhine millennial flood magnitude of approximately 14,000âm3/s for the Late Holocene period before late mediaeval times. This value exceeds the largest measured discharges in the instrumental record, but not the design discharges currently accounted for in flood risk management