3,809 research outputs found
“Building Resilience” A comparison of eight OECD countries. Bertelsmann Stiftung Inclusive Growth for Germany|12
Increasing resilience is one of the top priorities of global
economic policy. In a comparison of eight industrialized
countries, a quite varied picture emerges. On four
dimensions of performance (growth, unemployment,
protection against poverty and distribution), Japan and
Australia show considerable resilience in the context
of crisis. France and Italy demonstrate a low level of
resilience. The United States does little to serve as a role
model for Europe with regard to resilience; while growth
rates have been successfully stabilized there, crises have
been accompanied by increases in inequality.
The figure examines Germany’s performance in the
context of crisis. Performance is measured using a preand
post-crisis comparison. In comparison to the average
of the here considered countries, Germany has coped
with crises well with regard to consequences for distribution
and unemployment. The consequences of a crisis
with regard to poverty risks correspond with the country-
sample average. In past decades, Germany has performed
somewhat below the average level with regard to
stabilizing growth. However, this improved significantly
with the financial crisis
Strength of the Effective Coulomb Interaction at Metal and Insulator Surfaces
The effective on-site Coulomb interaction (Hubbard ) between localized
electrons at crystal surfaces is expected to be enhanced due to the reduced
coordination number and reduced subsequent screening. By means of first
principles calculations employing the constrained random-phase approximation
(cRPA) we show that this is indeed the case for simple metals and insulators
but not necessarily for transition metals and insulators that exhibit
pronounced surface states. In the latter case, the screening contribution from
surface states as well as the influence of the band narrowing increases the
electron polarization to such an extent as to overcompensate the decrease
resulting from the reduced effective screening volume. The Hubbard
parameter is thus substantially reduced in some cases, e.g., by around 30% for
the (100) surface of bcc Cr.Comment: 4.4 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Electronic phase transitions of bismuth under strain from relativistic self-consistent GW calculations
We present quasiparticle self-consistent GW (QSGW) calculations of
semimetallic bulk Bi. We go beyond the conventional QSGW method by including
the spin-orbit coupling throughout the self-consistency cycle. This approach
improves the description of the electron and the hole pockets considerably with
respect to standard density functional theory (DFT), leading to excellent
agreement with experiment. We employ this relativistic QSGW approach to conduct
a study of the semimetal-to-semiconductor and the trivial-to-topological
transitions that Bi experiences under strain. DFT predicts that an unphysically
large strain is needed for such transitions. We show, by means of the
relativistic QSGW description of the electronic structure, that an in-plane
tensile strain of only 0.3% and a compressive strain of 0.4% are sufficient to
cause the semimetal-to-semiconductor and the trivial-to-topological phase
transitions, respectively. Thus, the required strain moves into a regime that
is likely to be realizable in experiment, which opens up the possibility to
explore bulklike topological behavior of pure Bi
Efficient calculation of the Coulomb matrix and its expansion around k=0 within the FLAPW method
We derive formulas for the Coulomb matrix within the full-potential
linearized augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method. The Coulomb matrix is a central
ingredient in implementations of many-body perturbation theory, such as the
Hartree-Fock and GW approximations for the electronic self-energy or the
random-phase approximation for the dielectric function. It is represented in
the mixed product basis, which combines numerical muffin-tin functions and
interstitial plane waves that are here expanded with the Rayleigh formula. The
resulting algorithm is very efficient in terms of both computational cost and
accuracy and is superior to an implementation with the Fourier transform of the
step function. In order to allow an analytic treatment of the divergence at k=0
in reciprocal space, we expand the Coulomb matrix analytically around this
point without resorting to a projection onto plane waves. We then apply a basis
transformation that diagonalizes the Coulomb matrix and confines the divergence
to a single eigenvalue. At the same time, response matrices like the dielectric
function separate into head, wings, and body with the same mathematical
properties as in a plane-wave basis. As an illustration we apply the formulas
to electron-energy-loss spectra for nickel at different k vectors including
k=0. The convergence of the spectra towards the result at k=0 is clearly seen.
Our treatment also allows to include transitions from core states that give
rise to a shallow peak at high energies and lead to good agreement with
experiment.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figure
Economic Resilience A new concept for policy making? Bertelsmann Stiftung Inclusive Growth for Germany|11
The idea of “resilience” has in recent years gained
a high level of popularity in the formulation of economic-
policy objectives. Given the rapid sequence
of serious crises, the rise of this concept is hardly surprising.
If economic shocks are apparently unavoidable,
then an economy’s ability to cope with them should be
a subject of interest. However, the virtually inflationary
use of the resilience concept has been accompanied by
a lack of precision. In particular, there is often no clear
understanding that alongside its static interpretation
(retention of a system’s existing functions in the case
of a crisis), crisis resilience also includes an adaptive
dimension (adjustment to new surrounding conditions).
Against this background, this article addresses the origin
of the resilience concept, illustrates its various usages in
different disciplines, and distinguishes it from other key
words (“vulnerability,” “sustainability,” “stability”).
On this basis, the resilience concept is given additional
precision and defined in a manner useful for the economic-
policy perspective. A central conclusion is that
the concept of resilience can become a normative economic-
policy principle if 1) it is not viewed narrowly as
only a static concept; 2) it is linked to the societal objectives
within the economy being studied; and 3) the interplay
of different societal levels is taken into account
Raman cross section of spin ladders
We demonstrate that a two-triplet resonance strongly renormalizes the Raman
spectrum of two-leg spin ladders and moreover suggest this to be the origin of
the asymmetry of the magnetic Raman continuum observed in CaV2O5.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figur
Interface originated modification of electron-vibration coupling in resonant photoelectron spectroscopy
We present a comprehensive study of the photon energy () dependent
line-shape evolution of molecular orbital signals of large -conjugated
molecules by resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (RPES). A comparison to RPES
data of small molecules suggests that the excitation into different vibrational
levels on the intermediate state potential energy surface of the electronic
excitation is responsible for the observed effect. In this simplified picture
of electron-vibration couping the character of the potential energy surfaces
involved in the RPES process determines the line-shape of the molecular orbital
signal for a particular . We use the sensitivity of this effect to probe
the influence of different interfaces on the electron-vibration coupling in the
investigated systems. The magnitude of the variation in line-shape throughout
the particular region allows to reveal significant differences within
the physisorptive regime
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