Lawyers as Agents

This article addresses the nature and effect of the agency relationship that exists between a lawyer and his client. There are two aspects of this, the internal relationship and its external effects. Under the first heading are considered the duties of the lawyer towards his client, including his fiduciary duties, which have recently been broadened, and the obligation of the client to pay his lawyer. The external aspect of a lawyer's role as agent for his client raises the issue of the agent's authority which may be express, implied or apparent. The scope of that authority is vital. It is analysed in respect of two different situations. The first is where no litigation is involved, but the lawyer is required to deal with money on behalf of the client, contracts within the Statute of Frauds, or notices. The second relates to the conduct of litigation. A number of important issues arise in this respect, of which the most important is the authority of a lawyer to compromise or settle an action. This is considered in some depth with special reference to English and Canadian cases, in order to elucidate the extent to which and grounds upon which a lawyer may validly affect his client's position.L 'article suivant étudie la nature et les conséquences des relations d'agence qui existent entre un avocat et son client. On envisage deux aspects principaux: les relations internes et les conséquences externes. Le premier thème traite des obligations de l'avocat envers son client y compris les obligations fiduciaires, qui ont été elargies récemment, et de la responsabilité du client de régler les honoraires de son avocat. L'aspect externe du rôle de l'avocat, comme agent de son client, soulève la question de l'autorité de l'agent qui peut être expresse, implicite ou apparente. L'étendue de cette autorité est d'importance capitale. On l'analyse en tenant compte de deux situations différentes: La première n 'implique aucun litige, plutôt l'avocat doit s'occuper des affires de son client, des contrats dans le cadre du Statute of Frauds, ou des préavis. La deuxième situation sa rapport à la conduite du litige. De nombreuses questions se présentent, la plus importante étant l'autorité de l ’avocat de régler une cause par compromis, ou de la résoudre. On a réfléchit longuement à ces questions en tenant compte des arrêts Anglais et Canadiens, afin de pouvoir élucider dans quelle mesure et sous quel motif un avocat peut affecter la position de son client

A generic C1C^1 map has no absolutely continuous invariant probability measure

Let $M$ be a smooth compact manifold (maybe with boundary, maybe disconnected) of any dimension $d \ge 1$. We consider the set of $C^1$ maps $f:M\to M$ which have no absolutely continuous (with respect to Lebesgue) invariant probability measure. We show that this is a residual (dense $G_\delta) set in the$C^1$ topology. In the course of the proof, we need a generalization of the usual Rokhlin tower lemma to non-invariant measures. That result may be of independent interest.Comment: 12 page

An Intelligent Safety System for Human-Centered Semi-Autonomous Vehicles

Nowadays, automobile manufacturers make efforts to develop ways to make cars fully safe. Monitoring driver's actions by computer vision techniques to detect driving mistakes in real-time and then planning for autonomous driving to avoid vehicle collisions is one of the most important issues that has been investigated in the machine vision and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The main goal of this study is to prevent accidents caused by fatigue, drowsiness, and driver distraction. To avoid these incidents, this paper proposes an integrated safety system that continuously monitors the driver's attention and vehicle surroundings, and finally decides whether the actual steering control status is safe or not. For this purpose, we equipped an ordinary car called FARAZ with a vision system consisting of four mounted cameras along with a universal car tool for communicating with surrounding factory-installed sensors and other car systems, and sending commands to actuators. The proposed system leverages a scene understanding pipeline using deep convolutional encoder-decoder networks and a driver state detection pipeline. We have been identifying and assessing domestic capabilities for the development of technologies specifically of the ordinary vehicles in order to manufacture smart cars and eke providing an intelligent system to increase safety and to assist the driver in various conditions/situations.Comment: 15 pages and 5 figures, Submitted to the international conference on Contemporary issues in Data Science (CiDaS 2019), Learn more about this project at https://iasbs.ac.ir/~ansari/fara

Room-Temperature Inter-Dot Coherent Dynamics in Multilayer Quantum Dot Materials

The full blossoming of quantum technologies requires the availability of easy-to-prepare materials where quantum coherences can be effectively initiated, controlled, and exploited, preferably at ambient conditions. Solid-state multilayers of colloidally grown quantum dots (QDs) are highly promising for this task because of the possibility of assembling networks of electronically coupled QDs through the modulation of sizes, inter-dot linkers, and distances. To usefully probe coherence in these materials, the dynamical characterization of their collective quantum mechanically coupled states is needed. Here, we explore by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy the coherent dynamics of solid-state multilayers of electronically coupled colloidally grown CdSe QDs and complement it by detailed computations. The time evolution of a coherent superposition of states delocalized over more than one QD was captured at ambient conditions. We thus provide important evidence for inter-dot coherences in such solid-state materials, opening up new avenues for the effective application of these materials in quantum technologies

New horizons for plant translational research

In this issue, we launch a new article collection "The Promise of Plant Translational Research," featuring articles from leading plant researchers and call for additional plant translational research to be submitted to PLOS Biology for inclusion in this collection. We also discuss in this Editorial why this field has a vital role to play in meeting the challenges of sustainably feeding a growing world population

Formation Mechanisms for Spirals in Barred Galaxies

We consider a scenario of formation of the spiral structure in barred galaxies. This scenario includes the new non-resonant mechanism of elongation of spirals, due to the characteristic behaviour of the gravitational potential beyond the principal spiral arms

Mechanisms of the Vertical Secular Heating of a Stellar Disk

We investigate the nonlinear growth stages of bending instability in stellar disks with exponential radial density profiles.We found that the unstable modes are global (the wavelengths are larger than the disk scale lengths) and that the instability saturation level is much higher than that following from a linear criterion. The instability saturation time scales are of the order of one billion years or more. For this reason, the bending instability can play an important role in the secular heating of a stellar disk in the $z$ direction. In an extensive series of numerical $N$-body simulations with a high spatial resolution, we were able to scan in detail the space of key parameters (the initial disk thickness $z_0$, the Toomre parameter $Q$, and the ratio of dark halo mass to disk mass $M_{\rm h} / M_{\rm d}$). We revealed three distinct mechanisms of disk heating in the $z$ direction: bending instability of the entire disk, bending instability of the bar, and heating on vertical inhomogeneities in the distribution of stellar matter.Comment: 22 pages including 8 figures. To be published in Astronomy Letters (v.29, 2003