SBS 0335-052E+W: deep VLT/FORS+UVES spectroscopy of the pair of the lowest-metallicity blue compact dwarf galaxies

(abridged) We present deep archival VLT/FORS1+UVES spectroscopic observations of the system of two blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies SBS 0335-052E and SBS 0335-052W. Our aim is to derive element abundances in different HII regions of this unique system of galaxies and to study spatial abundance variations. We determine abundances of helium, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, sulfur, chlorine, argon and iron. The oxygen abundance in the brighter eastern galaxy varies in the range 7.11 to 7.32 in different HII regions supporting previous findings and suggesting the presence of oxygen abundance variations on spatial scales of ~1-2 kpc. The oxygen abundance in the brightest region No.1 of SBS 0335-052W is 7.22+/-0.07, consistent with previous determinations.Three other HII regions are much more metal-poor with an unprecedently low oxygen abundance of 12+logO/H=7.01+/-0.07 (region No.2), 6.98+/-0.06 (region No.3), and 6.86+/-0.14 (region No.4). These are the lowest oxygen abundances ever derived in emission-line galaxies. Helium abundances derived for the brightest HII regions of both galaxies are mutually consistent. We derive weighted mean He mass fractions of 0.2485+/-0.0012 and 0.2514+/-0.0012 for two different sets of HeI emissivities. The N/O abundance ratio in both galaxies is slightly higher than that derived for other BCDs with 12+logO/H<7.6. This implies that the N/O in extremely metal-deficient galaxies could increase with decreasing metallicity.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, accepted for pulication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Morphology and thermal conductivity of model organic aerogels

The intersection volume of two independent 2-level cut Gaussian random fields is proposed to model the open-cell microstructure of organic aerogels. The experimentally measured X-ray scattering intensity, surface area and solid thermal conductivity of both polymeric and colloidal organic aerogels can be accounted for by the model.Comment: 5 pages. RevTex with 4 encapsulated figures. Higher resolution figures have been submitted for publication. To be published in Phys. Rev. E (Rapid Comm.). email, [email protected]

Percolation thresholds and fractal dimensions for square and cubic lattices with long-range correlated defects

We study long-range power-law correlated disorder on square and cubic lattices. In particular, we present high-precision results for the percolation thresholds and the fractal dimension of the largest clusters as function of the correlation strength. The correlations are generated using a discrete version of the Fourier filtering method. We consider two different metrics to set the length scales over which the correlations decay, showing that the percolation thresholds are highly sensitive to such system details. By contrast, we verify that the fractal dimension $d_{\rm f}$ is a universal quantity and unaffected by the choice of metric. We also show that for weak correlations, its value coincides with that for the uncorrelated system. In two dimensions we observe a clear increase of the fractal dimension with increasing correlation strength, approaching $d_{\rm f}\rightarrow 2$. The onset of this change does not seem to be determined by the extended Harris criterion.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Scaling laws for random walks in long-range correlated disordered media

We study the scaling laws of diffusion in two-dimensional media with long-range correlated disorder through exact enumeration of random walks. The disordered medium is modelled by percolation clusters with correlations decaying with the distance as a power law, $r^{-a}$, generated with the improved Fourier filtering method. To characterize this type of disorder, we determine the percolation threshold $p_{\text c}$ by investigating cluster-wrapping probabilities. At $p_{\text c}$, we estimate the (sub-diffusive) walk dimension $d_{\text w}$ for different correlation exponents $a$. Above $p_{\text c}$, our results suggest a normal random walk behavior for weak correlations, whereas anomalous diffusion cannot be ruled out in the strongly correlated case, i.e., for small $a$.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure