Methoden und Instrumente zur Diagnose beruflicher Kompetenzen von Lehrkräften. Eine erste Standortbestimmung zu bereits publizierten Instrumenten

Die berufliche Kompetenz einer Lehrkraft bezieht sich vor allem auf vier Kompetenzklassen - die Fach-, Sozial-, Methoden- und Personalkompetenz. Im Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, dass berufliche Kompetenz mittels unterschiedlicher Methoden (Selbstbeurteilung, Fremdbeurteilung, Beurteilung in Job-Situationen, bei Bearbeitung von Entwicklungsaufgaben oder Entwicklungsportfolios) gemessen bzw. diagnostiziert werden kann. Diese Methoden haben sich in Aus- und Weiterbildung der Lehrer bewährt. Als besondere Instrumente wurden vor allem die Fragebogenerhebung, das Interview, ein Assessment-Center, Gruppenarbeit und ein Bildertest eingesetzt. Die benutzten Instrumente genügen den Testgütekriterien Reliabilität, Validität und Objektivität. Die Fachkompetenzklasse, insbesondere die verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen, sind aber nur unzureichend in der Fachliteratur dokumentiert. Hier ist die Forschung besonders gefragt. (DIPF/Sch.

Lessons learned during a blended training for new employees in aerospace companies

This research follows a previously published paper presented by Pourtoulidou and Frey which describes the conversion of a classroom-based to blended training for new employees entering aerospace companies [1]. This paper presents the lessons learned that derived from the analysis of the results after evaluating the blended training according to the participants’, subject matter experts’, and trainer’s perspectives. Prior to the training, Pourtoulidou and Frey analyzed the demands of aerospace companies and the labor market in order to develop this introductory training [1]. The classroom-based training was developed, implemented and evaluated in 2018/2019. Utilizing this evaluation, the blended training consisted of an online phase, which lasted six months and provided access to lecture videos, literature material, quizzes, forums and virtual meetings over the Moodle platform. In the middle of the online phase, a face-to-face session took place in October 2021 in which the participants worked with practical applications and associated with subject matter experts operating directly in industrial projects. The lessons learned focus on the training development for employees’ blended courses and on the specific limitations resulting from developing a joint training for entry-level aerospace engineers. The flexibility and further benefits of the training’s online phase were well received from the participants, while the opportunity to meet, work and exchange experiences in person during the training was highly appreciated. The impact of COVID-19 on participants’ experience and feedback was also visible and commented on

Coxsackie B viruses and the kidney—a neglected topic

Coxsackie B viruses types 1-6 (CVB1-6) occur worldwide and cause a broad spectrum of diseases, including myocarditis and aseptic meningitis. Although renal damage due to CVB has been suspected since the 1950s, these agents are only rarely searched for in today's clinical nephrological practice. Nevertheless, CVB can infect mesangial cells. Furthermore, infections with these viruses lead to a histological picture resembling mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and IgA-nephropathy in mice. In the present article, we provide an overview of this largely neglected topic, and of the slowly and steadily increasing evidence suggesting a link between coxsackieviral infections and kidney disease

Combined Effects of Knowledge About Others' Opinions and Anticipation of Group Discussion on Confirmatory Information Search

There is conclusive evidence that information search processes are typically biased in favor of the information seeker’s own opinion (confirmation bias). Less is known about how knowledge about others’ opinions affects this confirmatory information search. In the present study, the authors manipulated feedback about others’ opinions and anticipation of group interaction. As predicted, the effect of knowledge about others’ opinions on confirmatory information search depended on whether participants anticipated interacting with these others. Specifically, minority members anticipating a group discussion exhibited a particularly strong confirmation bias, whereas minority members who did not anticipate a discussion predominantly sought information opposing their opinion. For participants not anticipating group interaction, confidence about the correctness of one’s decision mediated the impact of knowledge about others’ opinions on confirmatory information search. Results are discussed with regard to the debiasing effect of preference heterogeneity on confirmatory information search in groups

Quantum transport including nonparabolicity and phonon scattering: application to silicon nanowires

In this work, the particular and combined influence of nonparabolicity and phonon scattering on the device characteristics of a triple-gate silicon nanowire is investigated. In addition, different approximations of the retarded self-energy for electron-phonon scattering are analyzed in terms of the electrostatics, current and computational cos

Nucleation-induced transition to collective motion in active systems

While the existence of polar ordered states in active systems is well established, the dynamics of the self-assembly processes are still elusive. We study a lattice gas model of self-propelled elongated particles interacting through excluded volume and alignment interactions, which shows a phase transition from an isotropic to a polar ordered state. By analyzing the ordering process we find that the transition is driven by the formation of a critical nucleation cluster and a subsequent coarsening process. Moreover, the time to establish a polar ordered state shows a power-law divergence