Production of Bioactive Peptides by Lactobacillus Species: From Gene to Application

To compensate for their amino acid auxotrophy, lactobacilli have developed the ability to hydrolyze proteins present in their environment. This proteolytic activity not only generates the free amino acids needed by the bacteria, but also a large variety of peptides, some of which are endowed with biological activities. These so-called “bioactive peptides” (BAPs) are interesting from a nutrition and healthcare perspective. The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as lactobacilli is an effective strategy for production and valorization of new BAPs. The proteolytic activity of lactobacilli is exerted in a strain- and species-dependent manner: each species exhibits different proteinase content, leading to a large variety of proteolytic activities. This underlines the high potential of Lactobacillus strains to produce novel hydrolysates and BAPs of major interest. This review aims at discussing the potential of different Lactobacillus species to release BAPs from fermentation media and processes. Strategies used for peptide production are presented. Additionally, we propose a methodology to select the most promising Lactobacillus strains as sources of BAPs. This methodology combines conventional approaches and in silico analyses

Epoxy Mold Compound Characterization for Modeling Packaging Reliability

This paper presents a study on Epoxy Mold Compounds (EMC) used as encapsulant in Quad Flat No-lead (QFN) packages. The goal is to characterize the behaviour of the two different EMCs during thermal cycling to be able to model and predict the lifetime of the package. A 3-point bending (3PB) test in temperature is used for the mechanical characterization of the EMCs. The different III-V dies substrates used in the QFN are also characterized with this method. The flexural modulus and the glass transition temperature (Tg) are characterized for the epoxies. The modulus values match the theoretical data while the mean value of Tg in the transition zone for each material is estimated at 100°C, which is 35-40°C below the values given by the manufacturer and is in the thermal cycling test range. The silica filler rate in the resins is also studied according to the sample position to the resin injection point. Modelling of the flexural experiments has been done with ANSYS Mechanical to make sure to understand how to model the mechanical behaviour of the EMC

Moisture absorption and desorption in epoxy mould compounds: Characterization of Fickian and non-Fickian behaviours in complex packages

This works analyses the moisture absorption and desorption in three different mould compounds used in QFN packaging technology. Moisture diffusion during accelerated tests is replicated on different sample type: bulk material, empty QFN strips and empty QFNs to examine the diffusion modes. The temperature-dependent diffusion parameters are characterised using the Dual stage model. The combination of a Fickian and a non-Fickian behaviour of this model fits perfectly the diffusion results in a bulk resin sample. However, the diffusion parameters in the case of the QFN strips and packages suggest a non-negligible diffusion along the interfaces. The desorption analyses in these QFN samples show residual moisture. We suspect the presence of residual moisture at the leadframe/moulding interfaces. The desorption at standard industrial temperatures highlights anomalies, suggesting a critical thermal aging phenomenon

Le verdissement des matériels roulants du transport ferroviaire en France. Comment répondre aux défis de la sortie du Diesel et se tenir à la pointe de l'innovation technologique pour la transition énergétique ?

-Le transport ferroviaire ne peut se tenir à l'écart de la nécessité de s'inscrire dans la neutralité carbone des économies nationales, plus particulièrement de l'économie française en 2050. De plus, la diminution des émissions de polluants locaux (NOX, oxyde de carbone, particules fines, etc.) exige un gros effort de tous les transports en commun, singulièrement le transport ferroviaire dans les coeurs de ville comme dans les sites à protéger tout particulièrement. De nombreuses villes en Europe, et notamment Paris, ont annoncé des restrictions et interdictions de circulation pour les véhicules thermiques des particuliers. La mise en oeuvre de restrictions de même nature pour les transports en commun a commencé (bus, etc.)

Moisture diffusion in PECVD dielectrics characterized with three techniques under clean room conditions

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The effect of lactobacillus fermentum me-3 treatment on glycation and diabetes complications

International audienceScopeType 2 diabetes (T2D) induces organ damage associated with glycation, among other metabolic pathways. While therapeutic strategies have been tested to reduce the formation and impact of glycation products, results remain equivocal. Anti-diabetic therapies using probiotics have been proposed, but their effect upon glycation has not been reported. Here, the effects of the bacterial strain Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 on glycation and T2D-related complications in a mouse model of T2D are investigated.Methods & ResultsWild-type LepRdb and diabetic LepRdb littermates receive a daily gavage of either water or the probiotic ME-3 strain (1010 CFU). Glycation markers, fructoselysine-derived furosine (FL-furosine) and carboxymethyllysine (CML), are quantified in four major organs and plasma using stable-isotope dilution LC–MS/MS. After 12 weeks of ME-3 treatment, diabetic mice gain less weight and exhibit an apparently improved glucose tolerance. The ME-3 treatment reduces median renal levels of FL-furosine in both genotypes by 12–15%, and renal and pulmonary free-CML in diabetic mice by 30% and 18%, respectively. Attenuated hepatic steatosis and an improved plasma lipid profile are also observed with treatment in both genotypes, while the gut microbiota profile is unchanged.ConclusionL. fermentum ME-3 has therapeutic potential for reducing the formation/accumulation of some glycation products in kidneys and attenuating some common diabetes-related complications

The Effect of Lactobacillus fermentum

International audienceScopeType 2 diabetes (T2D) induces organ damage associated with glycation, among other metabolic pathways. While therapeutic strategies have been tested to reduce the formation and impact of glycation products, results remain equivocal. Anti-diabetic therapies using probiotics have been proposed, but their effect upon glycation has not been reported. Here, the effects of the bacterial strain Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 on glycation and T2D-related complications in a mouse model of T2D are investigated.Methods & ResultsWild-type LepRdb and diabetic LepRdb littermates receive a daily gavage of either water or the probiotic ME-3 strain (1010 CFU). Glycation markers, fructoselysine-derived furosine (FL-furosine) and carboxymethyllysine (CML), are quantified in four major organs and plasma using stable-isotope dilution LC–MS/MS. After 12 weeks of ME-3 treatment, diabetic mice gain less weight and exhibit an apparently improved glucose tolerance. The ME-3 treatment reduces median renal levels of FL-furosine in both genotypes by 12–15%, and renal and pulmonary free-CML in diabetic mice by 30% and 18%, respectively. Attenuated hepatic steatosis and an improved plasma lipid profile are also observed with treatment in both genotypes, while the gut microbiota profile is unchanged.ConclusionL. fermentum ME-3 has therapeutic potential for reducing the formation/accumulation of some glycation products in kidneys and attenuating some common diabetes-related complications

Comparison of Degree of Stenosis and Plaque Volume for the Assessment of Carotid Atherosclerosis Using 2-D Ultrasound

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Professional consensus on the treatment of agitation, aggressive behaviour, oppositional behaviour and psychotic disturbances in dementia.

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