Hydrolytic enzymes as coadjuvants in the anaerobic treatment of dairy wastewaters

An enzymatic extract produced by Penicillium restrictum having a high level of lipase activity (17.2 U.g-1) was obtained by solid-state fermentation using babassu cake as substrate. The enzymatic extract was used in the hydrolysis of a dairy wastewater with high fat contents (180, 450, 900 and 1,200 mg.L-1). Different hydrolysis conditions were tested, and it was determined that it should be carried out at a temperature of 35ºC, without agitation, with 10% v/v enzymatic extract and a hydrolysis time of 12 hours. Both crude and hydrolysed effluents were then submitted to an anaerobic biological treatment. It was observed that for the enzymatically pretreated effluent there was a significant improvement in the efficiency of the anaerobic treatment. For the highest fat content tested (1,200 mg.L-1), removal efficiencies of 19 and 80% were attained for crude and hydrolysed effluents, respectively. In addition, a tenfold increase in the removal rate of COD from the hydrolysed effluent (1.87 kg COD.m-3.d-1) was observed in relation to the crude effluent (0.18 kg COD.m-3.d-1). The results obtained in this study illustrate the viability of using a hybrid treatment (enzymatic-biological) for wastewaters having high fat contents

Penicillium restrictum lipases: A comparative study and characterization of enzymes with different degrees of purity

Penicillium restrictum was identified as a promising strain for lipase production due to enzyme production yield and thermal stability of the enzyme. This work presents results of lipase purification and enzyme stability versus pH. Ultrafiltration and precipitation with ammonium sulphate were used as initial purification steps. The partially purified enzyme preparation showed an increase in stability as pH increased. The crude enzymatic preparation was assayed with different oils and tributirin and showed a major catalytic activity for triglycerides of medium/long-chain fatty acids. Further purification steps were conducted on an analytical scale. The initial attempt to use gel filtration was abandoned as lipase lost its stability after this chromatographic procedure. The fast ion-exchange chromatography was performed on a Mono Q column, and two peaks with lipolytic activity were isolated and analysed by electrophoresis

Penicillium restrictum lipases: A comparative study and characterization of enzymes with different degrees of purity

Penicillium restrictum was identified as a promising strain for lipase production due to enzyme production yield and thermal stability of the enzyme. This work presents results of lipase purification and enzyme stability versus pH. Ultrafiltration and precipitation with ammonium sulphate were used as initial purification steps. The partially purified enzyme preparation showed an increase in stability as pH increased. The crude enzymatic preparation was assayed with different oils and tributirin and showed a major catalytic activity for triglycerides of medium/long-chain fatty acids. Further purification steps were conducted on an analytical scale. The initial attempt to use gel filtration was abandoned as lipase lost its stability after this chromatographic procedure. The fast ion-exchange chromatography was performed on a Mono Q column, and two peaks with lipolytic activity were isolated and analysed by electrophoresis

Production Of An Acidic And Thermostable Lipase Of The Mesophilic Fungus Penicillium Simplicissimum By Solid-state Fermentation

The production of a lipase by a wild-type Brazilian strain of Penicillium simplicissimum in solid-state fermentation of babassu cake, an abundant residue of the oil industry, was studied. The enzyme production reached about 90 U/g in 72 h, with a specific activity of 4.5 U/mg of total proteins. The crude lipase showed high activities at 35-60 °C and pH 4.0-6.0, with a maximum activity at 50 °C and pH 4.0-5.0. Enzyme stability was enhanced at pH 5.0 and 6.0, with a maximum half-life of 5.02 h at 50 °C and pH 5.0. Thus, this lipase shows a thermophilic and thermostable behavior, what is not common among lipases from mesophilic filamentous fungi. The crude enzyme catalysed the hydrolysis of triglycerides and p-nitrophenyl esters (C4:0-C18:0), preferably acting on substrates with medium-chain fatty acids. This non-purified lipase in addition to interesting properties showed a reduced production cost making feasible its applicability in many fields. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. 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