38 research outputs found
Engineering design of the EURISOL multi-MW spallation target
The European Isotope Separation On-Line Radioactive Ion Beam project (EURISOL) is set to design the 'next-generation' European Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility. It will extend and amplify current research on nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics and fundamental interactions beyond the year 2010. In EURISOL, four target stations are foreseen, three direct targets of approximately 100 kW of beam power and one multi-MW target assembly, all driven by a high-power particle accelerator. In this high power target station, high-intensity RIBs of neutron-rich isotopes will be obtained by inducing fission in several actinide targets surrounding a liquid metal spallation neutron source. This article summarises the work carried out within Task 2 of the EURISOL Design Study, with special attention to the coupled neutronics of the mercury proton-to-neutron converter and the fission targets. The overall performance of the facility, which will sustain fast neutron fluxes of the order of 1014 n/cm2/s, is evaluated, together with the production of radionuclides in the actinide targets, showing that the targeted 1015 fissions/s can be achieved. Some of the greatest challenges in the design of high power spallation sources are the high power densities, entailing large structural stresses, and the heat removal, requiring detailed thermo-hydraulic calculations. The use of a thin martensitic steel beam-window and a well-controlled mercury flow has been shown to reduce the von-Misses stress in the former below the 200 MPa limit, with reasonable maximum flow rates of ~6 m/s. Alternatively, a windowless target configuration has been proposed, based on a liquid mercury transverse film. With this design, higher power densities and fission rates may be achieved, avoiding the technical difficulties related to the beam window. Experimentally, several tests have been performed at IPUL (Riga, Latvia) in order to study the stability of the liquid metal flow and validate the mercury loop design
EURISOL Multi-MW Target: Investigation of the hydrodynamics of liquid metal (Hg) jet
In order to develop a windowless target it is necessary to investigate the hydrodynamics of liquid metal (Hg) jet. On the basis of the schematic layout of a high-power target module presented in Ref. [2], and the parameters of the windowless target (speed of the mercury jet up to 30 m/s, diameter of jet 10-20 mm and length of jet about 1 m), a first estimation of the parameters of the main components of a Hg-loop has been obtained by the Institute of Physics, University of Latvia. A preliminary engineering design of a functional Hg-loop to be constructed soon is also proposed. A simplified water stand has been developed with the ability of testing different Hg-nozzle configurations. The tests carried out showed that the kinetic energy of the jet is so high that the coaxial water flow at contact point is transformed into small bubbles (spray). The characteristics of the jet were shown to depend on the pressure of the stand
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Demonstration of thermo-electric and MHD mathematical models of a 500 kA aluminum electrolysis cell: part 2
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Modeling the dynamics of electromagnetically agitated metallurgical flows: levitation, cold crucible, aluminium electrolysis, etc.
We present practical modelling techniques for electromagnetically agitated liquid metal flows involving dynamic change of the fluid volume and shape during melting and the free surface oscillation. Typically the electromagnetic field is strongly coupled to the free
surface dynamics and the heat-mass transfer. Accurate pseudo-spectral code and the k-omega turbulence model modified for complex and transitional flows with free surfaces are used for these simulations. The considered examples include magnetic suspension melting, induction scull remelting (cold crucible), levitation and aluminium electrolysis cells. The process control and the energy savings issues are analysed
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Demonstration thermo-electric and MHD mathematical models of a 500 kA A1 electrolysis cell
In the present study, a 3D full cell quarter thermo-electric model of a 500kA demonstration cell has been developed and solved.
In parallel, a non-linear wave MHD model of the same 500 kA demonstration cell has been developed and solved.
A preliminary study of the impact of the interactions between the cell thermo-electric and MHD models will be presented
Engineering design and construction of a function Hg – loop & Contribution of IPUL in windowless Hg-target feasibility studies
Within EURISOL – DS, a liquid metal /LM/ spallation target with a power of several Megawatt is designed to provide neutrons to a fission target. The target station that allows the full intensity of a 4 MW proton beam to be used for RIB production will require new advanced technology. It is a critical component of EURISOL.For a power density above 103 MW/m3 the windowless, free-surface, molten LM-jet is proposed as a target since it avoids the very serious lifetime – shortening damage caused by the power proton beam in any syste
Model experiments using slag during CdO recovery
A new method of production of cadmium from
shredded cadmium-containing batteries using electroslag
remelting was proposed, investigated theoretically and
experimentally.
The reduction of cadmium from cadmium oxide with carbon
occurs in electroslag remelting equipment in a liquid slag bath.
The resulting molten cadmium is collected in a crucible under a
layer of molten flux. The intensity of the reduction process is
affected by the liquid flux movement. This movement is caused
by thermal convection and also by the electrical current
interacting with the magnetic field. The work explores the
possibility of intensifying the process using the external
magnetic field. Magnetic fields are induced by different
configurations of permanent magnet systems located outside the
bath