1,054 research outputs found
Influence of personality, age, sex, and oestrus state on chimpanzee problem-solving success
Despite the importance of individual problem solvers for group- and individual-level fitness, the correlates of individual problem-solving success are still an open topic of investigation. In addition to demographic factors, such as age or sex, certain personality dimensions have also been revealed as reliable correlates of problem-solving by animals. Such correlates, however, have been little-studied in chimpanzees. To empirically test the influence of age, sex, estrous state, and different personality factors on chimpanzee problem-solving, we individually tested 36 captive chimpanzees with two novel foraging puzzles. We included both female (N = 24) and male (N = 12) adult chimpanzees (aged 14â47 years) in our sample. We also controlled for the femalesâ estrous stateâa potential influence on cognitive reasoningâby testing cycling females both when their sexual swelling was maximally tumescent (associated with the luteinizing hormone surge of a femaleâs estrous cycle) and again when it was detumescent. Although we found no correlation between the chimpanzeesâ success with either puzzle and their age or sex, the chimpanzeesâ personality ratings did correlate with responses to the novel foraging puzzles. Specifically, male chimpanzees that were rated highly on the factors Methodical, Openness (to experience), and Dominance spent longer interacting with the puzzles. There was also a positive relationship between the latency of females to begin interacting with the two tasks and their rating on the factor Reactivity/Undependability. No other significant correlations were found, but we report tentative evidence for increased problem-solving success by the females when they had detumescent estrous swellings
The Eliashberg Function of Amorphous Metals
A connection is proposed between the anomalous thermal transport properties
of amorphous solids and the low-frequency behavior of the Eliashberg function.
By means of a model calculation we show that the size and frequency dependence
of the phonon mean-free-path that has been extracted from measurements of the
thermal conductivity in amorphous solids leads to a sizeable linear region in
the Eliashberg function at small frequencies. Quantitative comparison with
recent experiments gives very good agreement.Comment: 4pp., REVTeX, 1 uuencoded ps fig. Original posting had a corrupted
raw ps fig appended. Published as PRB 51, 689 (1995
The capabilities approach and critical social policy: lessons from the majority world?
The capabilities approach (CA) most closely associated with the thinner and thicker versions of Sen and Nussbaum has the potential to provide a paradigm shift for critical social policy, encompassing but also transcending some of the limitations associated with the Marshallian social citizenship approach. The article argues, however, that it cannot simply be imported from the majority world, rather there is a need to bear in mind the critical literature that developed around it. This is generally discussed and then critically applied to case studies of CA in the developed capitalist world, particularly the Equalities Review conducted for the Equality and Human Rights Commission
Valence nucleon populations in the Ni isotopes
Measurements of neutron-adding, neutron-removing, and proton-adding reactions were carried out for the four stable even Ni isotopes. Particular attention was paid to obtaining precise values of the cross sections at the peaks of the angular distributions. Tests with sum rules for the neutron data indicate that the results are self-consistent at the level of a few tenths of a nucleon. Data on proton-adding reactions were also obtained and analyzed with a slightly different methodâwhile these data are also consistent, the ambiguities are larger. The occupancies of the neutron orbits derived from the data, the proton vacancies, and the energy centroids of the neutron, neutron-hole, and proton single-particle excitations are obtained. The data also provide some estimate about the closure of the 0f7/2 shell. The results are compared to shell-model calculations and may serve as a reference point for future exploration
Association of Body Mass Index and Extreme Obesity With Long-Term Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Background:
Previous studies have reported a protective effect of obesity compared with normal body mass index (BMI) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, it is unclear whether this effect extends to the extremely obese. In this large multicenter registryâbased study, we sought to examine the relationship between BMI and longâterm clinical outcomes following PCI, and in particular to evaluate the association between extreme obesity and longâterm survival after PCI.
Methods and Results:
This cohort study included 25 413 patients who underwent PCI between January 1, 2005 and June 30, 2017, who were prospectively enrolled in the Melbourne Interventional Group registry. Patients were stratified by World Health Organizationâdefined BMI categories. The primary end point was National Death Indexâlinked mortality. The median length of followâup was 4.4 years (interquartile range 2.0â7.6 years). Of the study cohort, 24.8% had normal BMI (18.5â24.9 kg/m2), and 3.3% were extremely obese (BMI â„40 kg/m2). Patients with greater degrees of obesity were younger and included a higher proportion of diabetics (P<0.001). After adjustment for age and comorbidities, a Jâshaped association was observed between different BMI categories and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for longâterm mortality (normal BMI, HR 1.00 [ref]; overweight, HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.78â0.93, P<0.001; mild obesity, HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76â0.94, P=0.002; moderate obesity, HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.80â1.12, P=0.54; extreme obesity HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.07â1.65, P=0.01).
Conclusions:
An obesity paradox is still apparent in contemporary practice, with elevated BMI up to 35 kg/m2 associated with reduced longâterm mortality after PCI. However, this protective effect appears not to extend to patients with extreme obesity
Evidence for Shape Co-existence at medium spin in 76Rb
Four previously known rotational bands in 76Rb have been extended to moderate
spins using the Gammasphere and Microball gamma ray and charged particle
detector arrays and the 40Ca(40Ca,3pn) reaction at a beam energy of 165 MeV.
The properties of two of the negative-parity bands can only readily be
interpreted in terms of the highly successful Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky model
calculations if they have the same configuration in terms of the number of g9/2
particles, but they result from different nuclear shapes (one near-oblate and
the other near-prolate). These data appear to constitute a unique example of
shape co-existing structures at medium spins.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physics Letters
Vanishing spin alignment : experimental indication of triaxial nuclear molecule
Fragment-fragment- coincidences have been measured for at an energy corresponding to the population of a conjectured
resonance in Ni. Fragment angular distributions as well as -ray
angular correlations indicate that the spin orientations of the outgoing
fragments are perpendicular to the orbital angular momentum. This differs from
the and the resonances, and
suggests two oblate nuclei interacting in an equator-to-equator
molecular configuration.Comment: 14 pages standard REVTeX file, 3 ps Figures -- Accepted for
publication in Physical Review C (Rapid Communication
Deformation effects in Ni nuclei produced in Si+Si at 112 MeV
Velocity and energy spectra of the light charged particles (protons and
-particles) emitted in the Si(E = 112 MeV) + Si
reaction have been measured at the Strasbourg VIVITRON Tandem facility. The
ICARE charged particle multidetector array was used to obtain exclusive spectra
of the light particles in the angular range 15 - 150 degree and to determine
the angular correlations of these particles with respect to the emission angles
of the evaporation residues. The experimental data are analysed in the
framework of the statistical model. The exclusive energy spectra of
-particles emitted from the Si + Si compound system are
generally well reproduced by Monte Carlo calculations using spin-dependent
level densities. This spin dependence approach suggests the onset of large
deformations at high spin. A re-analysis of previous -particle data
from the Si + Si compound system, using the same spin-dependent
parametrization, is also presented in the framework of a general discussion of
the occurrence of large deformation effects in the A ~ 60 mass region.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figure
Quantum Cryptography Using Single Particle Entanglement
A quantum cryptography scheme based on entanglement between a single particle
state and a vacuum state is proposed. The scheme utilizes linear optics devices
to detect the superposition of the vacuum and single particle states. Existence
of an eavesdropper can be detected by using a variant of Bell's inequality.Comment: 4 pages, 3figures, revte
Role of deformation in the decay of Ni and Ca di-nuclei
Inclusive as well as exclusive energy spectra of the light charged particles
emitted in the reactions have
been measured at the Strasbourg VIVITRON facility in the angular range 15^0 -
150^0, using the ICARE multidetector array. The experimental energy spectra of
-particles are generally well reproduced by the statistical model with
a spin-dependent level density indicating the onset of defomations at high
spin.Comment: 4 pages, 2 ps Figures included -- Talk given at the International
Nuclear Physics Conference INPC98, Paris, France, August, 1998 (Proceedings
to be published in Nuclear Physics A, 1999) -
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