The contemporary disappearance of public space

Las interacciones sociales se encuentran indudablemente entre las fuerzas que modelan y actualizan la forma urbana. Podríamos dividir dichos procesos de cambio formal en tres subgrupos arquetípicos dependiendo de la naturaleza de las relaciones de poder de los habitantes, ya fueran competitivas entre iguales, extractivas o colaborativas. La ciudad orgánica surge, así, de los procesos de interacción de una comunidad sin un poder central fuerte, o sin influencia formal más allá de los centros de decisión. La ciudad oligárquica es un artefacto planificado y ejecutado conforme a los intereses y la capacidad de dicho poder central. Finalmente, la ciudad delegada es la urbe en rápido crecimiento típica de las sociedades modernas e industrializadas. Lo sepamos o no, estamos experimentando un periodo de rápida concentración de poder. Los nuevos oligarcas no sólo tienen una considerable capacidad para condicionar la evolución de la forma urbana, sino también para pastorear el comportamiento humano a través de las redes y los medios. Todo ello nos aboca a un nuevo tipo urbano en el que el espacio público procomún, es decir, el escenario físico de las interacciones sociales pierde peso y cualidades respecto a cualquiera de los arquetipos citados.Social interactions can undoubtedly be counted among the main modelling urban forces. Urban processes can be divided into threae archetypal categories according to the nature of their power balance, whether they be competitive among equals, extractive, or collaborative. The organic city emerges from the interaction processes of a community that lacks a strong central power or whose formal influence beyond its immediate surrounding is weak. The oligarchic city is a planned artifact following the interests and abilities of a centralised power. Finally, the delegate city is the fast growing urban fabric of the modern and industrialised societies. Whether we know it or not, we are now experiencing a period of fast concentration of power. The new oligarchs not only enjoy a considerable capacity to condition the evolution of the urban form, but also to graze human behaviour through the web and the media. We are drifting towards a new urban type where public space, considered as the embodied arena of social interactions, loses weight and attributes in relation to any of the three above cited models

SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues

Variability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

peer reviewe

JIDA'20. Bloque 3. Creatividad con método. Evolución de los Talleres de Urbanismo + Proyectos de segundo curso | Arturo Frediani; Lara Alcaina; Maria Rius

Comunicación a cargo de Eduardo Frediani Sarfati; Lara Alcaina Pozo; Maria Rius Ruiz; Quim Rosell Gratacòs. E.T.S. Arquitectura Reus – Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Modera el Bloque 3 Fernando Pérez del Pulgar Mancebo

Creativity within method: evolution of the second year Architecture+Urban design Studios

Nuestras asignaturas de Urbanismo + Proyectos I y II, de segundo curso, han pretendido, con mayor o menor fortuna, introducir innovaciones docentes planteando nuevas preguntas, encontrando nuevas respuestas o esclareciendo las preguntas y respuestas actualmente expresadas en términos demasiado vagos o imprecisos. Nuestro objetivo ha sido aproximarnos al formato ideal de taller de Proyectos y Urbanismo que nos hubiera gustado cursar cuando fuimos estudiantes. La docencia en ambos cuatrimestres se basa en la creatividad con método. Informar detalladamente sin mezclar conceptos demasiado pronto, dar ejemplos claros de cada cosa, proponer tareas elementales y acotadas, plantear juegos en momentos importantes del proceso y, en todo momento, dosificar y ordenar el esfuerzo de los y las estudiantes. Aquí seleccionamos tanto los hallazgos que mejor nos definen como las fórmulas que hemos adoptado y adaptado de otros, profundizando en las siete etapas básicas del proceso —cápsulas, juego, análisis, tutoriales, programa, jury y síntesis— y esperando que, a su vez, puedan llegar a ser de utilidad más allá de nuestra escuela.Our second year architectural and urban design studios I & II, aimed with greater or lesser success to test  several educational innovations by asking new questions, by looking for new answers, or by elucidating queries and answers that are actually too vaguely or imprecisely expressed. Our goal was to get as close as possible to the ideal studio format that we would have liked to experience when we were degree students. Both semester’s design studios rely in creativity within a method. We strive to inform accurately by not mixing concepts too soon, to give clear examples of every single content, to pose elementary and well delimited tasks, to play games at a crucial time of the process and, above all, to dose and sort out the students’ efforts. We present hereby the findings that better define our studio as well as the formulae that we adopted and adapted from other practices, divided into seven basic steps —pills, game, analysis, tutorials, programme, jury, synthesis— in the hopes that, in turn, they may be useful beyond our school walls.La investigación de esta ponencia se ha financiado mediante el Ministerio Español de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades a través de su proyecto de investigación CHORA (CSO2017-82411- P) y AEI/FEDER, UE y por el Departamento de Investigación y Universidades del Gobierno Catalán por medio del grupo 2017SGR22. Nuestro agradecimiento especial a Eva Blasco, profesora asociada de la EAR que impartió con el resto del equipo docente la asignatura PYU I, y que por la limitación a un máximo de 4 autores no firma la presente comunicación.Peer Reviewe

Prime time for the sweet spot in timing of coronary invasive approach in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) continue to represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the past decade data from the United States and Europe reported decreased incidence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STE-ACS) with an increase in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTE-ACS). As compared to STE-ACS patients, during initial admission, NSTE-ACS patients are at lower risk for death, but over time death rates become comparable with a trend towards increased mortality in the latter group. NSTE-ACS therefore constitutes a challenge in cardiology

Age-Related 2-Year Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: the Young TAVR Registry

Objective: To comparatively assess the natural history of patients of different ages undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Patients and Methods: For this study, we used the YOUNG TAVR, an international, multicenter registry investigating mortality trends up to 2 years in patients with aortic valve stenosis treated by TAVR, classified according to 3 prespecified age groups: 75 years or younger (n¼179), 76 to 86 years (n¼602), and older than 86 years (n¼221). A total of 1002 patients undergoing TAVR were included. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data in the youngest group were compared with those of patients 76 to 86 years and older than 86 years. Patients were followed up for up to 2 years. Results: Compared with patients 75 years or younger (reference group), patients aged 76 to 86 years and older than 86 years had nonsignificantly different 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.41-1.38; P¼.37 and odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.62-2.60; P¼.51, respectively) and 1-year mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 0.72; 95% CI, 0.48-1.09; P¼.12 and HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.88-1.40; P¼.34, respectively). Mortality at 2 years was significantly lower among patients aged 76 to 86 years (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42-0.90; P¼.01) but not among the older group (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.68-1.67; P¼.79). The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 30-day mortality score was lower in younger patients who, however, had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P¼.005 vs the intermediate group and P¼.02 vs the older group) and bicuspid aortic valves (P¼.02 vs both older groups), larger left ventricles, and lower ejection fractions. Conclusion: In the present registry, mortality at 2 years after TAVR among patients 75 years or younger was higher compared with that of patients aged 75 to 86 years and was not markedly different from that of patients older than 86 years. The findings are attributable at least in part to a greater burden of comorbidities in the younger age group that are not entirely captured by current risk assessment tools

The Dalton quantum chemistry program system

Dalton is a powerful general-purpose program system for the study of molecular electronic structure at the Hartree–Fock, Kohn–Sham, multiconfigurational self-consistent-field, Møller–Plesset, configuration-interaction, and coupled-cluster levels of theory. Apart from the total energy, a wide variety of molecular properties may be calculated using these electronic-structure models. Molecular gradients and Hessians are available for geometry optimizations, molecular dynamics, and vibrational studies, whereas magnetic resonance and optical activity can be studied in a gauge-origin-invariant manner. Frequency-dependent molecular properties can be calculated using linear, quadratic, and cubic response theory. A large number of singlet and triplet perturbation operators are available for the study of one-, two-, and three-photon processes. Environmental effects may be included using various dielectric-medium and quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics models. Large molecules may be studied using linear-scaling and massively parallel algorithms. Dalton is distributed at no cost from http://www.daltonprogram.org for a number of UNIX platforms.ISSN:1759-0876ISSN:1759-088