6 research outputs found
Early carboniferous brachiopod faunas from the Baoshan block, west Yunnan, southwest China
38 brachiopod species in 27 genera and subgenera are described from the Yudong Formation in the Shidian-Baoshan area, west Yunnan, southwest China. New taxa include two new subgenera: Unispirifer (Septimispirifer) and Brachythyrina (Longathyrina), and seven new species: Eomarginifera yunnanensis, Marginatia cylindrica, Unispirifer (Unispirifer) xiangshanensis, Unispirifer (Septimispirifer) wafangjieensis, Brachythyrina (Brachythyrina) transversa, Brachythyrina (Longathyrina) baoshanensis, and Girtyella wafangjieensis. Based on the described material and constraints from associated coral and conodont faunas, the age of the brachiopod fauna from the Yudon Formation is considered late Tournaisian (Early Carboniferous), with a possibility extending into earlyViseacutean.<br /
Effect of an antiretroviral regimen containing ritonavir boosted lopinavir on intestinal and hepatic CYP3A, CYP2D6 and P-glycoprotein in HIV-infected patients
This study aimed to quantify the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP3A), CYP2D6, and P-glycoprotein in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving an antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing ritonavir boosted lopinavir, and to identify factors influencing ritonavir and lopinavir pharmacokinetics. We measured activities of CYP3A, CYP2D6, and P-glycoprotein in 28 patients before and during ART using a cocktail phenotyping approach. Activities, demographics, and genetic polymorphisms in CYP3A, CYP2D6, and P-glycoprotein were tested as covariates. Oral midazolam clearance (overall CYP3A activity) decreased to 0.19-fold (90% confidence interval (CI), 0.15-0.23), hepatic midazolam clearance and intestinal midazolam availability changed to 0.24-fold (0.20-0.29) and 1.12-fold (1.00-1.26), respectively. In CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers, the plasma ratio AUC(dextromethorphan)/AUC(dextrorphan) increased to 2.92-fold (2.31-3.69). Digoxin area under the curve (AUC)(0-12) (P-glycoprotein activity) increased to 1.81-fold (1.56-2.09). Covariates had no major influence on lopinavir and ritonavir pharmacokinetics. In conclusion, CYP3A, CYP2D6, and P-glycoprotein are profoundly inhibited in patients receiving ritonavir boosted lopinavir. The covariates investigated are not useful for a priori dose selection
Nuevos registros de BraquiĂłpodos y consideraciones sobre las faunas de Tivertoniastreptorhynchus (Moscoviano) y Costatumulus amosi (PĂ©rmico temprano) del oeste argentino: reexamen de las secciones clave de las Quebradas Agua del JagĂĽel y Santa Elena
The brachiopod Coolkilella aredesi sp. nov. and Calytrixia piersoni sp. nov. are proposed on the basis of specimens from the Del Salto, RĂo del Peñón and Agua del JagĂĽel formations. Their biostratigraphic implications are discussed together with new records of Septosyringothyris (Precosyringothyris) jaguelensis Lech and Streptorhynchus inaequiornatus Leanza at the top of the latter unit. The stratigraphic record, paleontological content and age of both the Tivertonia-Streptorhynchus assemblage (Moscovian) and the younger Costatumulus amosi fauna (Sakmarian–Artinskian) were reviewed and assessed based on outcrops at Quebrada Agua del JagĂĽel and Quebrada Santa Elena. Faunal content confirms the most recent stratigraphic, biostratigraphic and paleoclimatic frameworks. These a diachronic nature of the Agua del JagĂĽel and CordĂłn del JagĂĽel formations, supporting the absence of an early Permian glacial event in western Argentina.Se proponen las nuevas especies de braquiĂłpodos Coolkilella aredesi sp. nov. y Calytrixia piersoni sp. nov. sobre la base de especĂmenes provenientes de las formaciones Del Salto, RĂo del Peñón y Agua del JagĂĽel. Se analizan sus implicancias bioestratigraficas junto al significado de nuevos registros de Septosyringothyris (Precosyringothyris) jaguelensis Lech y Streptorhynchus inaequiornatus Leanza en el techo de la Ăşltima unidad mencionada. Se revisan y precisan el registro estratigráfico, contenido paleontolĂłgico y edades de la asociaciĂłn de Tivertonia-Streptorhynchus (Moscoviano) y de la fauna más joven de Costatumulus amosi (Sakmariano—Artinskiano) en los afloramientos de las Quebradas de Agua de JagĂĽel y Santa Elena. El contenido faunĂstico permite corroborar los más recientes esquemas estratigráficos, bioestratigráficos y paleoclimáticos, reconociendo las formaciones Agua del JagĂĽel y CordĂłn del JagĂĽel como unidades diacrĂłnicas y desestimando a su vez la existencia de un evento glacial PĂ©rmico en el oeste de Argentina.Fil: Taboada, Arturo Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en EvoluciĂłn y Biodiversidad; Argentin