Early carboniferous brachiopod faunas from the Baoshan block, west Yunnan, southwest China

38 brachiopod species in 27 genera and subgenera are described from the Yudong Formation in the Shidian-Baoshan area, west Yunnan, southwest China. New taxa include two new subgenera: Unispirifer (Septimispirifer) and Brachythyrina (Longathyrina), and seven new species: Eomarginifera yunnanensis, Marginatia cylindrica, Unispirifer (Unispirifer) xiangshanensis, Unispirifer (Septimispirifer) wafangjieensis, Brachythyrina (Brachythyrina) transversa, Brachythyrina (Longathyrina) baoshanensis, and Girtyella wafangjieensis. Based on the described material and constraints from associated coral and conodont faunas, the age of the brachiopod fauna from the Yudon Formation is considered late Tournaisian (Early Carboniferous), with a possibility extending into earlyViseacutean.<br /

Effect of an antiretroviral regimen containing ritonavir boosted lopinavir on intestinal and hepatic CYP3A, CYP2D6 and P-glycoprotein in HIV-infected patients

This study aimed to quantify the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP3A), CYP2D6, and P-glycoprotein in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving an antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing ritonavir boosted lopinavir, and to identify factors influencing ritonavir and lopinavir pharmacokinetics. We measured activities of CYP3A, CYP2D6, and P-glycoprotein in 28 patients before and during ART using a cocktail phenotyping approach. Activities, demographics, and genetic polymorphisms in CYP3A, CYP2D6, and P-glycoprotein were tested as covariates. Oral midazolam clearance (overall CYP3A activity) decreased to 0.19-fold (90% confidence interval (CI), 0.15-0.23), hepatic midazolam clearance and intestinal midazolam availability changed to 0.24-fold (0.20-0.29) and 1.12-fold (1.00-1.26), respectively. In CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers, the plasma ratio AUC(dextromethorphan)/AUC(dextrorphan) increased to 2.92-fold (2.31-3.69). Digoxin area under the curve (AUC)(0-12) (P-glycoprotein activity) increased to 1.81-fold (1.56-2.09). Covariates had no major influence on lopinavir and ritonavir pharmacokinetics. In conclusion, CYP3A, CYP2D6, and P-glycoprotein are profoundly inhibited in patients receiving ritonavir boosted lopinavir. The covariates investigated are not useful for a priori dose selection

Nuevos registros de Braquiópodos y consideraciones sobre las faunas de Tivertoniastreptorhynchus (Moscoviano) y Costatumulus amosi (Pérmico temprano) del oeste argentino: reexamen de las secciones clave de las Quebradas Agua del Jagüel y Santa Elena

The brachiopod Coolkilella aredesi sp. nov. and Calytrixia piersoni sp. nov. are proposed on the basis of specimens from the Del Salto, Río del Peñón and Agua del Jagüel formations. Their biostratigraphic implications are discussed together with new records of Septosyringothyris (Precosyringothyris) jaguelensis Lech and Streptorhynchus inaequiornatus Leanza at the top of the latter unit. The stratigraphic record, paleontological content and age of both the Tivertonia-Streptorhynchus assemblage (Moscovian) and the younger Costatumulus amosi fauna (Sakmarian–Artinskian) were reviewed and assessed based on outcrops at Quebrada Agua del Jagüel and Quebrada Santa Elena. Faunal content confirms the most recent stratigraphic, biostratigraphic and paleoclimatic frameworks. These a diachronic nature of the Agua del Jagüel and Cordón del Jagüel formations, supporting the absence of an early Permian glacial event in western Argentina.Se proponen las nuevas especies de braquiópodos Coolkilella aredesi sp. nov. y Calytrixia piersoni sp. nov. sobre la base de especímenes provenientes de las formaciones Del Salto, Río del Peñón y Agua del Jagüel. Se analizan sus implicancias bioestratigraficas junto al significado de nuevos registros de Septosyringothyris (Precosyringothyris) jaguelensis Lech y Streptorhynchus inaequiornatus Leanza en el techo de la última unidad mencionada. Se revisan y precisan el registro estratigráfico, contenido paleontológico y edades de la asociación de Tivertonia-Streptorhynchus (Moscoviano) y de la fauna más joven de Costatumulus amosi (Sakmariano—Artinskiano) en los afloramientos de las Quebradas de Agua de Jagüel y Santa Elena. El contenido faunístico permite corroborar los más recientes esquemas estratigráficos, bioestratigráficos y paleoclimáticos, reconociendo las formaciones Agua del Jagüel y Cordón del Jagüel como unidades diacrónicas y desestimando a su vez la existencia de un evento glacial Pérmico en el oeste de Argentina.Fil: Taboada, Arturo Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad; Argentin