Conventionalism in ancient American art,

Mode of access: Internet

The Mammoth Cave and its inhabitants, or Descriptions of the fishes,insects and crustaceans found in the cave;

Chapters I-III first published in the American naturalist, Dec., 1871, Jan.-Feb., 1872; chapter IV, "Synopsis of the family Heteropygii," pub. in the Annual report of the Peabody academy of science for 1871.Mode of access: Internet

Contributions to the archæology of Missouri,

No more published?Each numbered plate accompanied by leaf with descriptive letterpress.The unnumbered plates are lettered A to E.Includes bibliographical references.Archæological remains in Southeastern Missouri. By W.B. Potter.--The ancient pottery of Southeastern Missouri. By Edward Evers.Mode of access: Internet

What does it mean to successfully conserve a (vertebrate) species?

The conservation of species is one of the foundations of conservation biology. Successful species conservation has often been defined as simply the avoidance of extinction. We argue that this focus, although important, amounts to practicing conservation at the “emergency room door,” and will never be a sufficient approach to conserving species. Instead, we elaborate a positive definition of species conservation on the basis of six attributes and propose a categorization of different states of species conservation using the extent of human management and the degree to which each of the attributes is conserved. These states can be used to develop a taxonomy of species “recovery” that acknowledges there are multiple stable points defined by ecological and social factors. With this approach, we hope to contribute to a new, optimistic conservation biology that is not based on underambitious goals and that seeks to create the conditions under which Earth’s biological systems can thrive.Fil: Redford, Kent H.. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Amato, George. American Museum Of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Baillie, Jonathan. The Zoological Society Of London; Reino UnidoFil: Beldomenico, Pablo Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Bennett, Elizabeth L.. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Clum, Nancy. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Cook, Robert. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Fonseca, Gustavo. Global Environment Facility; Estados UnidosFil: Hedges, Simon. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Launay, Frederic. Al Ain Wildlife Park and Resort; Emiratos Arabes UnidosFil: Lieberman, Susan. Pew Environment Group; Estados UnidosFil: Mace, Georgina M.. Centre for Population Biology at Imperial College London; Estados UnidosFil: Murayama, Akira. Centre for Population Biology at Imperial College London; Estados UnidosFil: Putnam, Andrea. University of Princeton; Estados UnidosFil: Robinson, John G.. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Rosenbaum, Howard. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Sanderson, Eric W.. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Stuart, Simon N.. The International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission. ; Estados UnidosFil: Thomas, Patrick. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Thorbjarnarson, John. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados Unido

Development of a Core Outcome Set for Therapeutic Studies in Eosinophilic Esophagitis (COREOS).

BACKGROUND Endpoints used to determine treatment efficacy in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) have evolved over time. With multiple novel therapies in development for EoE, harmonization of outcomes measures will facilitate evidence synthesis and appraisal when comparing different treatments. OBJECTIVE To develop a core outcome set (COS) for controlled and observational studies of pharmacologic and diet interventions in adult and pediatric patients with EoE. METHODS Candidate outcomes were generated from systematic literature reviews and patient engagement interviews and surveys. Consensus was established using an iterative Delphi process, with items voted on using a 9-point Likert scale and with feedback from other participants to allow score refinement. Consensus meetings were held to ratify the outcome domains of importance and the core outcome measures. Stakeholders were recruited internationally and included adult and pediatric gastroenterologists, allergists, dieticians, pathologists, psychologists, researchers, and methodologists. RESULTS The COS consists of four outcome domains for controlled and observational studies: histopathology, endoscopy, patient-reported symptoms, and EoE-specific quality of life (QoL). A total of 69 stakeholders (response rate 95.8%) prioritized 42 outcomes in a two-round Delphi process and the final ratification meeting generated consensus on 33 outcome measures. These included measurement of the peak eosinophil count, EoE Histology Scoring System, EoE Endoscopic Reference Score, and patient-reported measures of dysphagia and QoL. CONCLUSIONS This interdisciplinary collaboration involving global stakeholders has produced a COS that can be applied to adult and pediatric studies of pharmacologic and diet therapies for EoE, which will facilitate meaningful treatment comparisons and improve the quality of data synthesis