The burden of 14 hr-HPV genotypes in women attending routine cervical cancer screening in 20 states of Mexico: a cross-sectional study

In Mexico, HPV vaccines available immunize against genotypes 16/18 and 16/18/6/11; however, there is limited surveillance about carcinogenic subtypes in different states of the country that allow evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination and cervical cancer screening programs. Here, we report the regional and age-specific prevalence of 14 hr-HPV genotypes as well as their prevalence in abnormal cytology (from ASCUS to cervical cancer) among Mexican women which were undergoing from cervical cancer screening in the Salud Digna clinics in 20 states of the country. This study includes women with social security from the majority of public health institutions (IMSS, ISSSTE, SEMAR, and PEMEX), and women without social security. For cervical cancer screening, we used the SurePath liquid-based cytology and the BD Onclarity HPV Assay. From December 1, 2016, to August 2, 2018, the hr-HPV prevalence among 60,135 women was 24.78%, the most prevalent types were HPV 16 (4.13%), HPV 31 (4.12%) and HPV 51 (3.39%), while HPV 18 (1.70%) was less prevalent among infected women. Interestingly, the genotypes not covered by current vaccines in Mexico were commonly found in precancerous lesions, evidencing their carcinogenic potential, so it is necessary to increase their surveillance and inclusion in cervical cancer screening triage.We gratefully acknowledge to Iromy Meza, Jessica Avitia, and Oswaldo Carrillo for their technical support in obtaining databases during this project. Also, we want to thanks the staff of the Salud Digna clinics and the National Reference Center of Salud Digna for their support during this work. This work was funding by Salud Digna

Perfiles del derecho sucesorio cubano

Il libro affronta e illustra gli aspetti più importanti del diritto successorio cubano. In particolare gli argomenti analizzati sono i seguenti: La sistemática deL derecho sucesorio cubano; eL sistema de La Legítima en eL derecho cubano. Los herederos especiaLmente protegidos; apuntes sobre eL régimen jurídico deL derecho aL compLemento de La Legítima: Lectura deL código civiL cubano; sucesión mortis causa y nuevas famiLias: el caso de Las convivencias estabLes en La comparación entre ordenamientos jurídicos; cuidadores famiLiares: en La encrucijada de su posibLe protección sucesoria; vuLnerabiLidad, discapacidad y derecho de sucesiones. Una mirada crítica a La Luz de Los nuevos paradigmas convencionaLes; Los Legados en eL derecho civiL cubano. vicisitudes y perspectivas de La figura; La partición convencionaL de La herencia ante notario púbLico con coherederos menores de edad y personas discapacidad. nuevas regLas ante cambios de paradigmas; derecho de sucesión y discriminación: una mirada comparada; gLosas en torno aL impuesto sobre transmisión de bienes y herencias en cub

Regional modeling of climate change impacts on smallholder agriculture and ecosystems in Central America

Climate change will have serious repercussions for agriculture, ecosystems, and farmer livelihoods in Central America. Smallholder farmers are particularly vulnerable due to their reliance on agriculture and ecosystem services for their livelihoods. There is an urgent need to develop national and local adaptation responses to reduce these impacts, yet evidence from historical climate change is fragmentary. Modeling efforts help bridge this gap. Here, we review the past decade of research on agricultural and ecological climate change impact models for Central America. The results of this review provide insights into the expected impacts of climate change and suggest policy actions that can help minimize these impacts. Modeling indicates future climate-driven changes, often declines, in suitability for Central American crops. Declines in suitability for coffee, a central crop in the regional economy, are noteworthy. Ecosystem models suggest that climate-driven changes are likely at low- and high-elevation montane forest transitions. Modeling of vulnerability suggests that smallholders in many parts of the region have one or more vulnerability factors that put them at risk. Initial adaptation policies can be guided by these existing modeling results. At the same time, improved modeling is being developed that will allow policy action specifically targeted to vulnerable groups, crops, and locations. We suggest that more robust modeling of ecological responses to climate change, improved representation of the region in climate models, and simulation of climate influences on crop yields and diseases (especially coffee leaf rust) are key priorities for future research.International Development Research Centre/[AC3]/IDRC/CanadaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[805-B6-143]/UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[805-B4-227]/UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[805-B3-600]/UCR/Costa RicaMinisterio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones/[]/MICIT/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI