Syzygium jambolanum treatment improves survival in lethal sepsis induced in mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The leaves and the fruits from <it>Syzygium jambolanum </it>DC.(Myrtaceae), a plant known in Brazil as sweet olive or 'jambolão', have been used by native people to treat infectious diseases, diabetes, and stomachache. Since the bactericidal activity of <it>S. jambolanum </it>has been confirmed <it>in vitro</it>, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the prophylactic treatment with <it>S. jambolanum </it>on the <it>in vivo </it>polymicrobial infection induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>C57Bl/6 mice were treated by the subcutaneous route with a hydroalcoholic extract from fresh leaves of <it>S. jambolanum </it>(HCE). After 6 h, a bacterial infection was induced in the peritoneum using the lethal CLP model. The mice were killed 12 h after the CLP induction to evaluate the cellular influx and local and systemic inflammatory mediators' production. Some animals were maintained alive to evaluate the survival rate.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prophylactic HCE treatment increased the mice survival, the neutrophil migration to infectious site, the spreading ability and the hydrogen peroxide release, but decreased the serum TNF and nitrite. Despite the increased migration and activation of peritoneal cells the HCE treatment did not decrease the number of CFU. The HCE treatment induced a significant decrease on the bone marrow cells number but did not alter the cell number of the spleen and lymph node.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We conclude that the treatment with <it>S. jambolanum </it>has a potent prophylactic anti-septic effect that is not associated to a direct microbicidal effect but it is associated to a recruitment of activated neutrophils to the infectious site and to a diminished systemic inflammatory response.</p

Análise da qualidade de vida dos pacientes do grupo de quadril adulto operados com enxerto ósseo Analysis of the quality of life of patients of the adult hip group operated with bone graft

O Banco de Tecidos do IOT-HCFMUSP tem o objetivo de captar e processar tecido ósseo, cartilagem e ligamentos, com a finalidade de beneficiar o maior número possível de pacientes. Constituído por médicos, enfermeiros e assistente social, o programa visa ainda propiciar aos receptores a reabilitação física e social com a perspectiva de lhes oferecer uma melhor qualidade de vida. Realizou-se um estudo objetivando conhecer os benefícios e mudanças ocorridas com o tratamento cirúrgico e analisar se a expectativa bem como a melhoria na qualidade de vida dos pacientes foram atingidas. Os dados apontam que 37,5% da população pertence à classe C, 37,5% classe D e 25% classe E. O suporte familiar foi satisfatório para 81,25% da população, sendo que 37,5% apresentaram rendimento mensal regular ou insatisfatório para o tratamento. Das dificuldades apresentadas anterior à cirurgia 93,75% dos pacientes apresentaram dor, o que causava limitações físicas e dificuldades de locomoção nas Atividades da Vida Diária. 100% dos pacientes consideraram que a cirurgia trouxe benefícios para sua qualidade de vida e destes 56,25% aboliram os equipamentos ortopédicos que faziam uso, relatando ausência de dor. Concluímos que o tratamento proporcionado pela equipe tem trazido benefícios e resultados significativos para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.<br>The objective of the Tissue Bank of the IOT-HCFMUSP (Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Clinics Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, SP-Brazil) is to collect and process bone tissue, cartilage and ligaments, with the purpose of providing benefits to the largest possible number of patients. The program is formed by physicians, nurses and assistant social worker, viewing to provide those who receive it with physical and social rehabilitation, with the perspective of providing them with a better quality of life. A study was performed with the objective of knowing the benefits and changes occurred regarding surgical treatments and analyze whether the expectation, as well as the improvement in the patients' quality of life, were achieved. The data indicate that 37.5% of the population is included in the C class; 37.5% in the D class and 25% in the E class. Family support was satisfactory in 81.25% of the population, and 37,5% had monthly incomes that were either regular or unsatisfactory to the treatment. As to the difficulties presented previous to the surgery, 93.75% of the patients had pain that caused physical limitations and locomotion problems in Daily Life Activities. One hundred percent of the patients considered that the surgery brought benefits to their quality of life; 56.25% of these patients abandoned the orthopedic equipment they were using, reporting absence of pain. Our conclusion is that the treatment provided by the team has brought significant benefits and results to the improvement of the quality of life of the patients

The return of the Iberian lynx to Portugal: local voices

Abstract Background Ethnographic research can help to establish dialog between conservationists and local people in reintroduction areas. Considering that predator reintroductions may cause local resistance, we assessed attitudes of different key actor profiles to the return of the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) to Portugal before reintroduction started in 2015. We aimed to characterize a social context from an ethnoecological perspective, including factors such as local knowledge, perceptions, emotions, and opinions. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 131) in three different protected areas and observed practices and public meetings in order to describe reintroduction contestation, emotional involvement with the species, and local perceptions about conservation. Detailed content data analysis was undertaken and an open-ended codification of citations was performed with the support of ATLAS.ti. Besides the qualitative analyses, we further explored statistic associations between knowledge and opinions and compared different geographical areas and hunters with non-hunters among key actors. Results Local ecological knowledge encompassed the lynx but was not shared by the whole community. Both similarities and differences between local and scientific knowledge about the lynx were found. The discrepancies with scientific findings were not necessarily a predictor of negative attitudes towards reintroduction. Contestation issues around reintroduction differ between geographical areas but did not hinder an emotional attachment to the species and its identification as a territory emblem. Among local voices, financial compensation was significantly associated to hunters and nature tourism was cited the most frequent advantage of lynx presence. Materialistic discourses existed in parallel with non-economic factors and the existence of moral agreement with its protection. The considerable criticism and reference to restrictions by local actors concerning protected areas and conservation projects indicated the experience of an imposed model of nature conservation. Opinions about participation in the reintroduction process highlighted the need for a closer dialog between all actors and administration. Conclusions Local voices analyzed through an ethnoecological perspective provide several views on reintroduction and nature conservation. They follow two main global trends of environmental discourse: (1) nature becomes a commodified object to exploit while contestation about wildlife is centered on financial return and (2) emblematic wild species create an emotional attachment, become symbolic, and gather moral agreement for nature protection. Lynx reintroduction has been not only just a nature protection theme but also a negotiation process with administration. Western rural communities are not the “noble savages” and nature protectors as are other traditional groups, and actors tend to claim for benefits in a situation of reintroduction. Both parties comprehend a similar version of appropriated nature. Understanding complexity and diverse interests in local communities are useful in not oversimplifying local positions towards predator conservation. We recommend that professional conservation teams rethink their image among local populations and increase proximity with different types of key actors

Condições socioeconômicas estão associadas ao overbite e overjet? Uma avaliação utilizando fotografias digitais

OBJETIVO: estimar a associação entre fatores socioeconômicos e más oclusões do tipo overbite e overjet em escolares em fase de dentição permanente jovem. MÉTODO: trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em 251 escolares de sete a 15 anos, de ambos os sexos, regularmente matriculadas no ensino fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas do município de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Todos os sujeitos da amostra realizaram fotografias extrabucais padronizadas de face (frontal em repouso, frontal sorrindo e perfil) e intrabucais (frontal, lateral direita e lateral esquerda em oclusão, oclusal superior e oclusal inferior), para o diagnóstico das alterações. As fotografias foram avaliadas por três examinadores em regime cego e as discordâncias foram discutidas até a obtenção de consenso. Overbite e overjet foram diagnosticados segundo critérios de Angle. RESULTADOS: constatou-se que 35,4% das crianças apresentaram overbite e 18,3%, overjet. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre a renda familiar com overbite (p=0.003) e com overjet (p=0.029), observando-se que a maioria das crianças que não possuíam overbite (69,4%) era de famílias com baixa renda (até 2 salários mínimos). De modo semelhante, a maioria dos portadores de overjet era de famílias com renda mais elevada, ao passo que a maioria daqueles sem overjet tinha renda familiar baixa. Para as demais variáveis não houve diferenças estatisticamente significante na distribuição de frequência de overjet e overbite. CONCLUSÃO: a prevalência de overbite e overjet nos escolares estudados é alta, especialmente entre aqueles com maior renda familiar