Science in the classroom and ethnozoology: a first approach in rural schools of northwest Patagonia

Varios autores sugieren que si los saberes ecológicos tradicionales de niños de escuelas rurales son incluidos en el currículo, se generan respuestas significativas en los alumnos, al ser herramientas didácticas de integración en términos cognitivos y culturales. A través de la articulación de una propuesta pedagógica por el método de indagación y una aproximación etnozoológica aplicada al ámbito escolar, relatamos en este trabajo preliminar una experiencia con niños de dos escuelas rurales asentadas en el bosque andino-patagónico (Patagonia, Argentina) vinculada al conocimiento de los “bichos” (invertebrados terrestres) y la variación de su distribución en diferentes ambientes. Junto a los niños se colectaron invertebrados terrestres, habiéndose desarrollado previamente preguntas, hipótesis y predicciones sobre su riqueza y abundancia bajo distintas condiciones ambientales. Los alumnos rurales establecieron que los bichos de los bosques varían en cantidad de etnotaxones y en abundancia según hayan sufrido o no un incendio, o bien si el sitio está cerca o lejos del río. Los resultados muestran que es posible integrar la propuesta de ciencia en el aula y la propuesta etnozoológica como una estrategia educativa que incluya los saberes ambientales previos de los niños y de esta manera promover una educación más pluralista y conectada con lo local.Vários autores sugerem que se os saberes ecológicos tradicionais de crianças de escolas rurais são incluídos no Currículo, geram respostas significativas nos alunos, sendo uma ferramenta didática de integração em termos cognitivos e culturais. Através da articulação de uma proposta pedagógica pelo método de indagação e uma aproximação etnozoológica aplicada ao âmbito escolar, neste trabalho preliminar relatamos uma experiência com crianças de duas escolas rurais localizadas na floresta andino-patagônica (Patagônia, Argentina), ligada ao conhecimento dos “bichos” (invertebrados terrestres) e sua variação no ambiente. Juntamente com as crianças foram coletados invertebrados terrestres e foram desenvolvidas perguntas, hipóteses e previsões quanto a diferentes condições ambientais. Os alunos rurais estabeleceram que os bichos das florestas que sofreram incêndios, ou se o lugar está perto ou não do rio, variam em quantidade de etno-taxa e em abundância. Os resultados mostram que é possível integrar a proposta de ciência na sala de aula e a proposta etnozoológica como uma estratégia educacional que inclua os saberes ambientais anteriores das crianças e desta maneira promover uma educação mais pluralista e conectada com o lugar.Some authors have suggested that including the traditional ecological knowledge of children in rural schools in the general curriculum will have a significant effect on pupils, as a didactic tool integrating cognitive and cultural spheres. Combining a pedagogical proposal using the investigative method with an ethnozoological approach in a school context, in this preliminary work we report on a study carried out with children in two rural schools located in the Andean Patagonian forest (Patagonia, Argentina). The topic under consideration was knowledge of “bugs” (land invertebrates) and the variation in their distribution in different environments. Along with the children we collected land invertebrates, and questions, hypotheses and predictions were previously developed in relation to different environmental conditions. The rural pupils established that bugs vary in the number of ethnotaxons and in abundance if the forests had suffered a fire, or whether the site was close to the river or not. The results show that it is possible to integrate classroom science with ethnozoology as an educational strategy, which includes the children’s previous environmental knowledge, thus promoting education of a more pluralistic nature, connected with local realities.Fil: Blackhall, Melisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma | Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma.; ArgentinaFil: Ladio, Ana Haydee. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma | Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma.; ArgentinaFil: Franzese, Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma | Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma.; ArgentinaFil: de Torres Curth, Monica Irma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma | Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Viozzi, Gustavo Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Arbetman, Marina Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina; ArgentinaFil: Lucero, Mónica Isabel. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina; ArgentinaFil: Pfister, Gabriela M.. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Guillermo N.. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche; Argentin

Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands

14 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 67 referencias.- The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-024-01670-7Perennial plants create productive and biodiverse hotspots, known as fertile islands, beneath their canopies. These hotspots largely determine the structure and functioning of drylands worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, the factors controlling fertile islands under conditions of contrasting grazing by livestock, the most prevalent land use in drylands, remain virtually unknown. Here we evaluated the relative importance of grazing pressure and herbivore type, climate and plant functional traits on 24 soil physical and chemical attributes that represent proxies of key ecosystem services related to decomposition, soil fertility, and soil and water conservation. To do this, we conducted a standardized global survey of 288 plots at 88 sites in 25 countries worldwide. We show that aridity and plant traits are the major factors associated with the magnitude of plant effects on fertile islands in grazed drylands worldwide. Grazing pressure had little influence on the capacity of plants to support fertile islands. Taller and wider shrubs and grasses supported stronger island effects. Stable and functional soils tended to be linked to species-rich sites with taller plants. Together, our findings dispel the notion that grazing pressure or herbivore type are linked to the formation or intensification of fertile islands in drylands. Rather, our study suggests that changes in aridity, and processes that alter island identity and therefore plant traits, will have marked effects on how perennial plants support and maintain the functioning of drylands in a more arid and grazed world.This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC grant 647038 (BIODESERT) awarded to F.T.M.) and Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2018/041). D.J.E. was supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation (HSF21040). J. Ding was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project (41991232) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China. M.D.-B. acknowledges support from TED2021-130908B-C41/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/Unión Europea Next Generation EU/PRTR and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. O.S. was supported by US National Science Foundation (Grants DEB 1754106, 20-25166), and Y.L.B.-P. by a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship (MSCA-1018 IF) within the European Program Horizon 2020 (DRYFUN Project 656035). K.G. and N.B. acknowledge support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) SPACES projects OPTIMASS (FKZ: 01LL1302A) and ORYCS (FKZ: FKZ01LL1804A). B.B. was supported by the Taylor Family-Asia Foundation Endowed Chair in Ecology and Conservation Biology, and M. Bowker by funding from the School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University. C.B. acknowledges funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41971131). D.B. acknowledges support from the Hungarian Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFI KKP 144096), and A. Fajardo support from ANID PIA/BASAL FB 210006 and the Millennium Science Initiative Program NCN2021-050. M.F. and H.E. received funding from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (grant 39843). A.N. and M.K. acknowledge support from FCT (CEECIND/02453/2018/CP1534/CT0001, SFRH/BD/130274/2017, PTDC/ASP-SIL/7743/2020, UIDB/00329/2020), EEA (10/CALL#5), AdaptForGrazing (PRR-C05-i03-I-000035) and LTsER Montado platform (LTER_EU_PT_001) grants. O.V. acknowledges support from the Hungarian Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFI KKP 144096). L.W. was supported by the US National Science Foundation (EAR 1554894). Y.Z. and X.Z. were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2003214). H.S. is supported by a María Zambrano fellowship funded by the Ministry of Universities and European Union-Next Generation plan. The use of any trade, firm or product names does not imply endorsement by any agency, institution or government. Finally, we thank the many people who assisted with field work and the landowners, corporations and national bodies that allowed us access to their land.Peer reviewe

Effect of fire on recruitment of two dominant perennial grasses with different palatability from semi-arid grasslands of NW Patagonia (Argentina)

Fire is a non-selective disturbance that impacts equally plant species that could be selected differentially by livestock. Post-fire recruitment dynamics is an important ecological process that has been barely studied in Patagonian grass species. This work analyzes the effect of fire on seed germination, seedling growth, and survival of Pappostipa speciosa (ex Stipa speciosa) and Festuca pallescens, two dominant perennial grasses from NW Patagonia that differ in palatability. We hypothesized that physical and chemical factors derived from fire differentially affect recruitment of these species. We performed experiments in the field and under laboratory and greenhouse conditions to study the integral effect of fire and of related abiotic factors (i. e., smoke, heat, charcoal, and ash) on different phases of recruitment of both species. Experimental burning promoted P. speciosa emergence over time, but they did not affect F. pallescens total emergence. Experimental burning decreased P. speciosa seedling growth (i. e., few leaves and small size), but they did not affect seedling survival. Smoke from laboratory experiments stimulated P. speciosa germination. Exposing F. pallescens seeds to 120°C decreased germination and seedling growth. Fire might act as a selective force on recruitment of both species, as well as changing competitive interactions during postfire regeneration. The effect of fire on the recruitment dynamics of the studied species depended strongly on both intrinsic species characteristics and meteorological conditions.Fil: Franzese, Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Ghermandi, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin

Early competition between the exotic herb Rumex acetosella and two native tussock grasses with different palatability and water stress tolerance

Semiarid grasslands in NW Patagonia (Argentina) are dominated by Festuca pallescens and Pappostipa speciosa, two native tussock grasses that differ in water stress tolerance and in palatability to livestock. Both species regenerate in gap microsites invaded by the exotic herb Rumex acetosella. We performed a greenhouse experiment to study the effect of Rumex competition on early growth of the dominant tussock-grasses. In February 2008 we used about 4-month-old seedlings to establish competition treatments that simulated a dry or wet summer. Competition among grasses was also quantified to relativize the effect of Rumex competition on each grass species. Rumex seedlings had a negative impact on grass seedlings, but it was not greater than that produced by any co-dominant grass. Grass species did not differ in their sensitivity to competition by Rumex or to water stress. In dry conditions, there was an intense underground competition between grass species, but there was no evidence of underground competition from Rumex. The low competitive ability of Rumex under water stress may indicate that its invasive potential from a seedling stage would be limited by the aridity of the environment. Moreover, the high bud production of Rumex seedlings suggests an early contribution to the soil bud bank, a key eco-biologic trait of this invasive species. Therefore, the estimation of the bud bank abundance and the study of how vegetative regeneration may be interfering grass recruitment should be considered in future research.Fil: Franzese, Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Ecotono; ArgentinaFil: Ghermandi, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Ecotono; Argentin

Fire as a driver of pine invasions in the Southern Hemisphere: a review

Contrasting evidence in the degree of post-fire conifer invasion reported for different regions of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) raises questions about the role of fire as a presumed driver of invasion. We studied the influence of fire on invasion responses (assessing ‘serotiny’ and ‘time’ as key factors to determine invasion) based on a review of case studies performed in natural habitats of the SH. Our work showed that burned environments have no lag time with respect to invasion and are more susceptible to serotinous pine invasion than are unburned environments. Also, serotinous pines reached extremely high densities in burned habitats, exceeding records for the same species in unburned habitats, as well as for non-serotinous pines in any habitat condition. Therefore, burned environments are impacted by conifer invasion earlier and more intensively than unburned ones. Overall, our work indicates that fire is a leading driver of invasion, but only for serotinous pines. This highlights the importance of considering life history traits of introduced species to determine the probability and extent of invasion in relation to disturbance. We discuss the implications of introducing serotinous species in regions of the SH where serotiny is absent from native flora. Lastly, we provide suggestions for prioritizing management and further study.Fil: Franzese, Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Raffaele, Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin

Seed longevity and fire: post-germination responses of Rumex acetosella L. in northwest Patagonian grasslands (Argentina)

The cosmopolitan herb Rumex acetosella forms persistent soil seed banks and increases in cover after fire. We investigated how the interaction between seed age and fire affects seedling growth by exposing different-aged seeds to heat, smoke, charcoal, and ash treatments. We measured growth of germinated seedlings that were transplanted and allowed to grow for 65 days in a greenhouse. Seedlings from seeds >8 years old did not reach an appropriate radicle length for transplantation. Seedling growth decreased with increasing temperature of the heat treatment. As seed age increased, growth decreased with smoke and charcoal, and increased with ash treatment. Height was negatively correlated with seed age. Our results suggest that fire and seed age could affect demographic responses of R. acetosella seedling populations. Post-fire recruitment could be partially favored by the positive effect of nutrient input from ash on seedling growth. High fire intensities, however, would be detrimental to seedling vigor.Fil: Franzese, Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Ecotono; ArgentinaFil: Ghermandi, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Ecotono; Argentin

Role of fire on patagonian grasslands: Changes in aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank

Grasslands are ecosystems dominated by herbaceous and woody vegetation, whose structure is determined by fire, grazing, and drought. Although these structuring factors determine the natural dynamics of grasslands, their plant biodiversity can be affected when these disturbances occur in an extreme or unbalanced way. The Argentinean northwestern Patagonia grasslands are fire-prone ecosystems, and fire events have relevant implications on the vegetation recovery. In this chapter we will focus on the postfire dynamics of aboveground vegetation and seed bank. The results indicate that grasslands are resilient to fire, evidencing a fast vegetation recovery. Fire promotes recruitment opportunities to native shrubs and fugitive species. Some of these species come from the seed bank increasing the aboveground vegetation biodiversity. Fires also contribute to spread exotic species that have already invaded Patagonian grasslands. Therefore fire has multiple effects on grassland dynamics, but more long-term studies are necessary in order to propose management guidelines for the sustainable use of these ecosystems in ways compatible with biodiversity conservation. In addition, with global climate change, an increase of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) frequency and amplitude is expected. Considering that the wildfires regime is affected by ENSO, it is important to find the relationships between this phenomenon, fire and vegetation patterns. Several relevant questions arise in relation to the future of grasslands as important suppliers of goods and services, and as irreplaceable biodiversity source.Fil: Gonzalez, Sofia Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Ecotono; ArgentinaFil: Franzese, Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Ecotono; ArgentinaFil: Ghermandi, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Ecotono; Argentin

Historical land use by domestic grazing revealed by the soil seed bank: A case study from a natural semi-arid grassland of NW Patagonia

Livestock can affect the soil seed bank through various mechanisms associated with changes in vegetation. We sampled vegetation and seed banks of Patagonian grasslands, in areas with different historical use by grazing (exclosure, moderate use and high use) to evaluate to what extent changes in vegetation are reflected in the seed bank. We also evaluated the effect of historical grazing on horizontal spatial seed distribution by sampling under shrubs and in between plant gaps. We focused the study on functional groups, and on the palatable Poa ligularis, an indicator of grassland status. In general, the proportional changes in composition and abundance of functional groups produced in grazed sectors (relative to each exclosure) were bigger for the seed bank than for the aboveground vegetation. Impacts on seed bank were led by a decrease (moderate use), or total disappearance (high use) of perennial grasses, results clearly reflected by P. ligularis. Although shrubs were represented in vegetation, they were undetected in the seed bank through germination, probably due to the lack of the conditions required for breaking seed dormancy. Intensive grazing produced homogenization in seed spatial distribution. Our work revealed a poor contribution of the seed bank to vegetation regeneration at increasing historical use by grazing. We recommend sampling the seed bank when monitoring the conservation status of grasslands to obtain consistent management guidelines.Fil: Franzese, Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Ghermandi, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Sofia Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin

The legacy of pine introduction threatens the fuel traits of Patagonian native forests

The introduction of non-native pine plantations and subsequent pine invasion are increasingly affecting native and high conservation value forests in the Southern Hemisphere. Pine invasion changes forest fire regimes, even in protected areas. However, most research evaluating the impact on fuel of this invasion on South American habitats has focused on steppe ecosystems; few studies have investigated whether pine-dominated areas are more flammable than native forests, how invasion age influences flammability, and whether areas dominated by mature pines from invasion and plantation have a similar impact on fuel. Here, we analyzed the fine fuel traits of the understory of different-aged post-fire invasions, plantations of Pinus radiata, and nearby native vegetation in a forest reserve (Patagonia, Argentina). Community composition shifts towards pine-dominated areas increased fire risk by affecting the quantity, distribution, composition, and condition (live or dead) of the fuel. Flammability levels increased with time since invasion. The oldest invasion had a higher load of the most flammable fuel than the adult plantation. Our results show that community composition shifts towards pine-dominated areas can increase fire risk by producing more pyrophytic habitats, and suggest that early removal of post-fire invasions can prevent increased fire risk on a landscape scale. Our results highlight the importance of considering the intrinsic characteristics of an invasion context when evaluating the impact of non-native species, and the need to be cautious when extrapolating the impacts of plantations to invasions.Fil: Franzese, Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Raffaele, Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Chiuffo, Mariana Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Blackhall, Melisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin