Analyzing and implementing tasks under a subject-related and developmental perspective in primary science education - Potentials in formative assessment practices

Der Sachunterricht wird als ein besonders inklusionsförderliches Unterrichtsfach der Grund­schule angesehen. Um gute Lernaufgaben für alle Schüler*innen zu realisieren, bedarf es dabei einer hohen diagnostischen Kompetenz der Lehrkräfte. Gute Lernaufgaben zeichnen sich durch eine Übereinstimmung zwischen Aufgabenanspruch und Lernvoraus­setzungen der Schüler*innen im Sinne einer maximalen Adaptivität aus. Von ihnen können daher möglichst alle Lernenden profitieren. Anschließend an eine detaillierte Auseinander­setzung mit guten Lernaufgaben im Sachunterricht sowie mit der professionellen Heraus­forderung der Adaptivität steht in diesem Beitrag die Darstellung eines Analysetools im Fokus, das Lehrkräfte bei der Beschreibung und Reflexion von fach- und entwicklungsbezogenen Lernprozessen und -aufgaben im Sachunterricht unterstützen und ihnen dadurch die Wahrnehmung von Barrieren und Potentialen möglicher Lernaufgaben erleichtern soll. (DIPF/Orig.)Primary science is considered to be a subject that is particularly conducive to inclusion. In order to realise good learning tasks for all pupils, teachers need a high level of diagnostic competence. Good learning tasks are characterized by a match between task demands and pupils learning requirements in the sense of maximum adaptivity. Therefore, all learners can benefit from them as much as possible. Following a detailed discussion of good learning tasks in primary science and the professional challenge of adaptivity, this article focuses on the presentation of an analytical tool that supports teachers in describing and reflecting on subject- and development-related learning processes and tasks in primary science and thus facilitates their perception of barriers and potentials of possible learning tasks. (DIPF/Orig.

Stress hormones: cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone and oxytocin in the context of social violations in children with autism spectrum disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) refer to heterogeneous disorders of neurodevelopment, the main symptom of which is social insufficiency. Aim: to conduct a one-stage assessment of the relationship between key hormones in the regulation of social and stress responses: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, oxytocin, in children with ASD in the context of severe social insufficiency. Materials and methods. A total of 44 children (37 boys and 7 girls) aged 3 to 12 years with a diagnosis of ASD were examined, which were divided into groups: with preserved social contact / lack of it. The concentrations of hormones were evaluated in blood plasma by the method of ELISA. Results. ACTH and cortisol demonstrate interdependent relationships without the involvement of oxytocin in children with ASD, while maintaining their social contact. In children with ASD with symptoms of social insufficiency, there are no correlations between the studied neurohormones. The conclusion. The data obtained suggest that the processes of disorganization / destruction of neuroanatomical and physiological connections between the systems of oxytocin and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) and (or) the hypothalamic-neurohypophysis system and the HPA-axis

Анализ путей повышения эффективности сооружения и эксплуатации линейной части магистральных нефтепроводов в условиях распространения многолетнемерзлых грунтов

Был проведен анализ эффективности сочетания технических и технологических решений, обеспечивающих безопасность эксплуатации линейной части магистрального нефтепровода в условиях распространения многолетнемерзлых грунтов. Выявлена эффективность предложенного подхода и определено оптимальное сочетание параметров инженерной защиты и технологического режима магистрального нефтепровода, которое обеспечивает защиту от опасных геокриологических процессов при минимальных затратах материальных ресурсов на строительство и эксплуатацию нефтепровода в условиях распространения многолетнемерзлых грунтов.Efficiency analysis of a combination of technical and technological solutions that ensure the safety of the main oil pipeline in permafrost region was conducted. The efficiency of the proposed approach is identified and the optimal combination of engineering protection and technological support of the main oil pipeline is determined. This provides protection against frost actions with minimum expenditures of material resources for the construction and operation of the pipeline in permafrost region

How do victims of bullying develop depression? Testing interpersonal style to explain the victimization-depression link

This study tested to what extent the relation between bullying victimization and future symptoms of depression could be explained by victims being more hostile and less assertive than non-involved individuals. Data came from waves 2–4 of the Dutch TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Participants' bullying experiences were assessed at age 13, interpersonal style at age 16, and depression symptoms at age 19. Mediation analyses were performed primarily on 274 self-reported victims and 1498 non-involved peers. Self-reported victims had an increased risk for depression symptoms. About a third of that risk could be explained by victims' hostile style, which was also higher than those of non-involved peers. Although victims also reported lower levels of assertiveness than non-involved peers, this interpersonal style did not mediate the link between bullying victimization and depression. Our findings suggest that high hostility, but not low assertiveness, partly explains the increased depression risk of self-reported victims. Therefore, interventions could focus on addressing hostility, to help reduce the likelihood that adolescents who have experienced bullying victimization will have more interpersonal conflicts and mental health problems in the future. Supplementary materials also include analyses for bullies and bully-victims, and for peer-reported measures.</p

Transbronchial Cryobiopsy Compared to Forceps Biopsy for Diagnosis of Acute Cellular Rejection in Lung Transplants: Analysis of 63 Consecutive Procedures

BACKGROUND Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a complication after lung transplantation (LTx). The diagnosis of ACR is based on histologic findings using transbronchial forceps biopsy (FB). However, its diagnostic accuracy is limited because of the small biopsy size and crush artifacts. Transbronchial cryobiopsy (CB) provides a larger tissue size compared with FB. METHODS FB and CB were obtained consecutively during the same bronchoscopy (February 2020-April 2021). All biopsies were scored according to the ISHLT criteria by three pathologists. Interobserver agreement was scored by the kappa index. We assessed the severity of bleeding and the presence of pneumothorax. RESULTS In total, 35 lung transplant recipients were included, and 126 CBs and 315 FBs were performed in 63 consecutive bronchoscopies. ACR (A1-A3, minimal-moderate) was detected in 18 cases (28.6%) by CB, whereas ACR was detected in 3 cases (4.8%) by FB. Moderate and severe bleeding complicated FB and CB procedures in 23 cases (36.5%) and 1 case (1.6%), respectively. Pneumothorax occurred in 6.3% of patients. The interobserver agreement was comparable for both CB and FB. CONCLUSIONS CB provided an improved diagnostic yield for ACR diagnosis, leading to reclassification and changes in treatment strategies in 28.6% of cases. Prospective studies should better define the role of CB after LTx

Исследование влияния параметров режима лазерной сварки на геометрические размеры шва

Существенную роль в обеспечении надежности тепловыделяющих сборок играют сварные соединения, эксплуатационные свойства которых во многом определяются наличием в сварном шве и зоне термического влияния загрязнений, остаточных напряжений и закалочных структур. Цирконий является основным конструкционным материалом для активных зон ядерных реакторов. В настоящей работе предложена технология лазерной сварки пластин толщиной 0,5 мм из циркониевого сплава Э110, проведены теоретические расчеты режимов сварки и выбор сварочного оборудования.Welds play an important role in ensuring the reliability of fuel assemblies. Their performance properties are determined by the presence of contaminants, residual stresses and quenching structures in the weld and the heat-affected zone. Zirconium is the main structural material for the manufacture of nuclear reactor cores. The technology of laser welding of 0,5 mm thick plates from zirconium alloy E110 is offered in this work, theoretical calculations of welding modes and choice of welding equipment are carried out

SS at transition periods to a new cycle: According to the H. P. Blavatsky's Worksand Theosophical Tradition

Everything that happens in the Universe, from the beginning of Mahamanvanthara, happens according to certain laws of the Universe. These Laws are an expression of Higher Consciousness. Everything that exists, from electron to star, is permeated by Consciousness. This Primary Reality is still beyond our perception, but sages and saints have always named it by contradicting terms. Many called it “God,” others called the Law, Heaven, the Great Architect, Evolution, Avalokiteshvara. Each person, in accordance with his character and experience, can determine his attitude towards this Consciousness, which directs everything in the manifested Universe. According to theosophical tradition and cosmogony, there is only a single Law in the Universe, “the law of harmony, perfect balance” 151, which acts as a single energy through the Logos. And during Manvantar, the Logos has its own consciousness and its own individuality, which, in turn, first manifests itself as Light, or universal consciousness, and then as individual consciousness. The Trinitarian Logos acts through the Creative Hierarchies of spiritual plans, these are the plans of the Higher Consciousness on which the Logos unfolds the Universe, “supporting it during its existence and taking it into Itself at its completion”

Пространственная дифференциация болот бассейна р. Чая

В работе рассматриваются закономерности пространственной структуры болот бассейна р. Чая, на примере ключевого участка. Выделено следующие типы местности: пойменный тип, три надпойменные террасы р.Чая, междуречная равнина, долины малых рек. Рассчитанная заболоченность участка составляет 18,31%. In the article consider spatial distribution powered by marshiness river basin Сhaya. There are allocated following district types: floodplain, three terraces river Chaya, interfluve, valley small rivers. The certain marshiness of a site is 18,31%