4D Seismic to Image a Thin Carbonate Reservoir During a Miscible CO2 Flood: Hall-Gurney Field, Kansas, USA

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from "http://mr.crossref.org".The movement of miscible CO2 injected into a shallow (900 m) thin (3.6-6m) carbonate reservoir was monitored using the high-resolution parallel progressive blanking (PPB) approach. The approach concentrated on repeatability during acquisition and processing, and use of amplitude envelope 4D horizon attributes. Comparison of production data and reservoir simulations to seismic images provided a measure of the effectiveness of time-lapse (TL) to detect weak anomalies associated with changes in fluid concentration. Specifically, the method aided in the analysis of high-resolution data to distinguish subtle seismic characteristics and associated trends related to depositional lithofacies and geometries and structural elements of this carbonate reservoir that impact fluid character and EOR efforts. Additional Publication Detail

Accelerated Fill-Up of the Arbuckle Group Aquifer and Links to U.S. Midcontinent Seismicity

The Arbuckle Group aquifer is the principal disposal zone for oil and gas field brines and hazardous/nonhazardous wastewater across the U.S. midcontinent and is traditionally viewed as an infinite capacity aquifer. Thousands of wells annually dispose hundreds of millions of barrels of wastewater into the aquifer across Kansas and Oklahoma, but direct links between injection and recent increases in seismicity have been hindered by a lack of pressure data for the Arbuckle Group. Here we present a newly compiled data set for 49 wells across Kansas that provides a unique perspective on the aquifer's performance over two decades. Statistical analysis of falloff test pressures, static fluid levels, and injection volumes shows that Arbuckle pressures and fluid levels are rising, recently at faster rates, likely associated with increased wastewater injection. The new data also suggest that the pressure diffusion, the primary driver of induced seismicity, can reach distances up to 25 km from an injection point and is connected to static fluid level rises. The compiled dataset explains the recent surge in midcontinent seismicity. The data set also suggests that the Arbuckle has finite storage capacity and that wastewater disposal across parts of the midcontinent may soon require alternatives

Evolution and diagenesis of a Missourian cyclothem: The Drum oolite (SE Kansas, USA)

The Drum limestone is an algal build-up and oolite complex formed as a E-W belt at the shelf edge of the Pennsylvanian northamerican mid continent. The Drum formation lies on an erosive surface and formed in two depositional stages separated by an unconformity, resulting in a lower regressive and an upper transgressive unit. The diagenetic story of the Drum oolite is closely related to its depositional story. The main controls on the deposition and diagenesis of the Drum limestone were inherited topography, which controlled facies distribution and depositional sites, and relative sea level changes, influencing sedimentary processe