Wunderlich Revisited: New Limits on Judicial Review of Administrative Determination of Government Contract Disputes

The overall purpose of the thesis is to explore the school subject Art as an arena where pupils and Art teachers do gender. The study focuses on how pupils interact and position themselves during Art lessons and in the artworks they create, and also on how their notions of Art are linked to notions of gender. The study was conducted using a range of methods for gathering data, inspired by visual ethnography. A total of 50 Art lessons have been observed. The empirical material consists of observation notes, photographs and sound recordings from the observed lessons, the artworks created by the pupils during those lessons, and also interviews with pupils and Art teachers. Included in the study are more than 70 pupils, 14-16 years old, and two Art teachers, from two different schools. The theoretical perspective is doing gender, meaning that gender is perceived as something that is accomplished through actions and interactions between people and in institutional arenas. The concepts interpretative repertoires and subject positions have been used for analysing the interviews. The pupils’ artworks have been analysed with concepts from visual semiotics.  In both schools, the pupils were asked to describe their identity in pictures during the observed lessons, and in both schools the students positioned themselves in accordance with common notions of gender in their artworks. In one of the schools, girls positioned themselves as feminine using symbols such as hearts, suns and smiley faces, thus portraying a harmless and caring femininity. In the other school, girls presented themselves as preoccupied with their appearance, or as objects for the male gaze, or portrayed longing and anticipation, thus positioning themselves as passive beings. Boys in both schools positioned themselves, to a greater extent, as masculine through their interests in e.g. sports, computers, music or motor vehicles. Many of the pupils chose not to reveal too much about themselves in their pictures and instead presented themselves in an impersonal way, which is interpreted as a form of resistance to the theme, since it was going against the intentions of the assignments. Some girls resisted the teaching or the theme by working very fast to free up time that allowed them to pursue private projects, resisting in a less overt manner, to gain control of their time in the Art classroom. Some boys resisted the theme by using humour and irony in their artworks. Many boys also protested verbally and asked critical questions during instructions.  The study suggests that the legacy of the ideas of the free creative expression persists in Art teaching as well as in the pupils’ notions of what Art is. The notion of Art as a subject for expressing emotions makes the subject appear as feminine to the pupils. The study also points to the importance of a clear framework for the pupils to relate to in their creative work. In the absence of this framework, gender stereotypes are more prevalent in the artworks that are created

Comment on Octet Baryon Magnetic Moments in the Chiral Quark Model with Configuration Mixing

The importance of exchange currents, and of conserving isotopic spin at both the quark and baryon levels in application of the chiral quark model to any calculation of baryon magnetic moments is emphasized.Comment: 5 pages, Latex fil

Governance, rational choice and new public management (npm): a general view (and some critics)

This article aims to study the New Public Management (NPM), one of the main trends associated to neoliberalism. It studies governance to show its general, wider and abstract scope. It also focuses on the Rational Choice as an important theory about governance, a basis for NPM. And it observes the neoliberal foundations of NPM, showing critical aspects of its real practice. Methodology: hypothetical deductive method of research, with a qualitative and critical approach and bibliographic-documental research technique. As results of this research, we can conclude that: i) the ideological usage of NPM has been expressed in a culture of minimal state and government - but in practice, such culture, when embossing implemented reforms, seldom reverted the role of the state, destroyed social safety nets, and placed the tax burden on the working majority rather than on the wealthy elite; ii) advocates for NPM have Western-shaped minds, generally making erroneous assumptions about institutions and cultures, which may be present in Anglo-American countries, but not in other culturally different ones; iii) in practice, NPM reforms were imposed to low-income countries by donor institutions to adjust their states for good governance - but those reforms did not solve problems with inefficiency and corruption. This work is original and valuable because it shows that even when public policies highlight the importance of less state intervention, solid norms and institutions are always necessary, and because it helps demystifying discourses that simply put that less state/more market politics can be valuable everywhere

A study of the Eastern Pacific fishery for tuna baitfishes, with particular reference to the anchoveta (Cetengraulis mysticetus)

ENGLISH: Most of the catches of yellowfin and skipjack tuna from the Eastern Pacific Ocean are made by vessels fishing with poles and lines and live bait. From 1931 to 1954, these baitboats, on the average, accounted for over three-fourths of the total annual California landings of yellowfin and skipjack (Shimada and Schaefer, 1956). With the substantial increase in recent years in the production of the tropical tunas, there have been greater demands for live bait. This increased need for larger amounts of baitfishes has given rise to important questions relating to the manner in which these populations may be most wisely used. The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission has been concerned with various aspects of this problem since its establishment in 1950. This report presents some of the results obtained from the Commission's studies of the baitfishes important to the fishery for yellowfin and skipjack tuna. It traces briefly the origin and development of the bait fishery, describes its operations, extent, and yield, and discusses some aspects of the effects of exploitation upon the Eastern Pacific baitfish populations, particularly of the anchoveta (Cetengaulis mysticetus). SPANISH: Los barcos que emplean cañas y cuerdas y carnada viva, son los que realizan la mayor parte de la pesca de atún aleta amarilla y barrilete en el Océano Pacifíco Oriental. De 1931 a 1954 estos barcos han desembarcado, en promedio, más de las tres cuartas partes de las pescas anuales de ambas especies (Shimada y Schaefer, 1956). Con el aumento sustancial en dicha producción en los últimos años, ha habido una mayor demanda por carnada viva. Esta creciente necesidad de obtener cantidades mayores de pecescebo, ha originado importantes cuestiones relativas a la mejor forma en que estas poblaciones pueden ser utilizadas. A la Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical le ha tocado ocuparse de varios aspectos de este problema, desde que fué establecida en el año 1950. Este informe ofrece algunos de los resultados obtenidos a través de los estudios de la Comisión sobre los peces-cebo importantes para la pesquería de atún aleta amarilla y barrilete; señala brevemente el origen y desarrollo de la pesquería de carnada; describe sus operaciones, extensión y rendimiento, y trata algunos aspectos de los efectos de la explotación sobre las poblaciones de dichos peces en el Pacifíco Oriental, particularmente de la anchoveta (Cetengraulis mysticetus). (PDF contains 59 pages.