Additional file 1: of Biodegradable magnesium Herbert screw – image quality and artifacts with radiography, CT and MRI

Tables with the measured values for each modality, scan and screw. (PDF 448 kb

Grading of motion-related artifacts after gadoxetate disodium injection on a 5-point scale, exemplarily arterial phase datasets.

<p>A: Rated as grade 1 by all three readers; B: rated as grade 3 by all three readers; C: rated as grade 5 by all three readers.</p

Contrast agent application protocols (group 1–4) for acquisition of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR images and characteristics of patients included in each group.

<p>Contrast agent application protocols (group 1–4) for acquisition of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR images and characteristics of patients included in each group.</p

Mean motion scores in different phases of the contrast dynamic after injection of gadoxetate disodium, comparison of different contrast agent application protocols (#1–4).

<p>Mean motion score as assessed on a 5-point scale by three readers, in the pre-contrast (pre), arterial (art), portalvenous (pv) and delayed (del) phase, respectively.</p

27 year old male patient with diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis.

<p>Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced liver MRI in the arterial (A) and portalvenous phase (B). Self-limiting severe transient motion can be appreciated in the arterial phase, causing significant degradation of image quality, which is resolved in the portalvenous phase.</p

Arterial phase SNR in the aorta (left) and in the portal vein (right), comparison of different contrast agent application protocols (#1–4).

<p>SNR in the aorta and portal vein were significantly higher in protocol groups using the slower injection rate of 1 ml/sec, as compared to an injection rate of 2 ml/sec (p<0.0001 and p = 0.0016). * indicates a statistical significance.</p

Demonstration of the heat sink effect in hepatic microwave ablation, depending on flow and distance to simulated hepatic vessels.

<p>Considerable changes in ablation zone morphology as reflected by minimum radius and lesion area can be observed in ablation procedures performed within 15mm of perfused vessels. Red cross = position of microwave antenna; blue circle = position of vessel; red arrow = minimal ablation zone radius; green arrow = maximum ablation zone radius; red dashed line = real ablation zone area; green line = idealized ablation zone area.</p

Temperature profile in ex microwave ablation of porcine liver, dependent on vessel perfusion and vessel–applicator distance.

<p>Maximum temperature during the ablation cycle decreased significantly with increasing distance between vessel and microwave antenna as well as with increasing vessel flow (p<0.05).</p

Minimum radius (A) and lesion area (B) of the ablation zone depending on applicator—vessel distance and vessel perfusion.

<p>In ablation procedures with vessels perfused with 700 ml/min located at 10 and 15mm distance, minimum radius of the resulting ablation zone was reduced by 61% and 19%, as compared to ablations with non-perfused vessels. Analogue, lesion area was reduced by 35% and 10%, respectively.</p

Demonstration of the heat sink effect in hepatic microwave ablation, depending on flow and distance to simulated hepatic vessels.

<p>Considerable changes in ablation zone morphology as reflected by minimum radius and lesion area can be observed in ablation procedures performed within 15mm of perfused vessels. Red cross = position of microwave antenna; blue circle = position of vessel; red arrow = minimal ablation zone radius; green arrow = maximum ablation zone radius; red dashed line = real ablation zone area; green line = idealized ablation zone area.</p