Figure 3

<p>TRPV1 mRNA is expressed in dorsal surface muscle, liver, and heart tissues. Relative expression is significantly greater in heart than in muscle or liver.</p

Seebacher and Grigaltchik_data for PLoS ONE

Raw data used in this publication in an Excel file. The key to data columns is provided on the first page of the Excel spreadsheet

Kasumovic&Seebacher Data

Kasumovic&Seebacher Dat

Relative expression of transcription factors and UCP1.

<p>Relative expression (mean ± s.e.m) of transcriptional regulators PGC-1α, NRF-1, and PPARδ in skeletal muscle (A) and BAT (B), and UCP1 in BAT (B) from cold exercised (blue bars), warm exercised (red bars), cold sedentary (blue striped bars) and warm sedentary (red striped bars) rats. The relative expression of all genes increased with exercise in both skeletal muscle and BAT. There were significant interactions between thermal acclimation and exercise for NRF-1 relative expression in muscle, and for PPARδ expression in BAT. UCP1 relative expression did not increase in response to either cold or exercise alone, but only when those two stimuli coincided. Significant differences are indicated by different letters above each column.</p

Enzyme activities in skeletal muscle and BAT from cold and warm acclimated sedentary and exercised rats.

<p>Activity (µmol substrate converted g⁻¹ wet tissue; mean ± s.e.m) of cytochrome c oxidase (COX; A and B), citrate synthase (CS; C and D) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; E and F) of cold exercised (blue bars), warm exercised (red bars), cold sedentary (blue hatched bars) and warm sedentary (red hatched bars) rat skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Exercise had a significant effect on all enzyme activities, but the effect of cold exposure alone was limited. Letters above each column indicate significant differences.</p

Activities of enzymes (mean ± s.e.) important for glycolytic (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH [A, B], and mitochondrial (citrate synthase, CS [C, D]; cytochrome c oxidase, COX [E, F]) energy (ATP) production.

<p>Data from eggs incubated at 15°C are shown in the left panels, and those from eggs incubated at 25°C are shown in the right panels. After hatching, tadpoles were acclimated to either 15°C (blues circles) or 25°C (red circles). Enzyme activities were determined by interactions between incubation and acclimation temperatures (see text for details). N = 9 tadpoles per treatment.</p

Growth (mean ± s.e.) in total length of tadpoles hatched from eggs incubated at 15°C (A) and at 25°C (B) that have subsequently been acclimated to 15°C (blue circles) or 25°C (red circles).

<p>Warm-acclimation tadpoles had significantly higher growth rates at weeks 5 and 6 (acclimation×time interaction), but incubation temperatures did not have a significant effect. N = 15–18 tadpoles per treatment group per week.</p

Figure 2

<p>Phylogenetic relationships of TRPM8 genes based on an alignment of amino acids, analysed using BI. The numbers at nodes indicate posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap values (BI/ML) for clades, where it exceeds 50%. The new sequence from this work is in red, and it was ∼500 bp. The full alignment is available from the authors.</p

Burst swimming speed (mean ± s.e.) of tadpoles hatched from eggs developed at 15°C (A) and at 25°C (B) that have subsequently been acclimated to 15°C (blue circles) or 25°C (red circles).

<p>The lines show Gaussian reaction norms fitted to the data from cold (blue lines) and warm (red lines) acclimated animals. The amplitudes, breadths and modes of the reaction norms were determined by an interaction between incubation and acclimation temperatures (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0106492#pone-0106492-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>). N = 18 tadpoles per treatment and test temperature.</p

Figure 1

<p>Initial 100 amino acids of the alignment of partial TRPV1 genes, showing a shared indel in the reptilian clade that is absent from the common ancestor, <i>Xenopus tropicalis.</i> Fragments were ∼650 bp (<i>Crocodylus porosus, Poephila guttata, Coturnix chinensis)</i> and ∼350 bp (<i>Pseudomoia entrecasteauxii</i> and <i>Amphibolurus muricatus</i>) (a). Phylogenetic relationships of partial TRPV1 and 2 genes based on an alignment of amino acids and analysed using Bayesian Inference (BI). The numbers at nodes indicate posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap values (BI/ML) for clades where these exceed 50%. The new sequences from this work are in red. The reptilian clade is shown in yellow. The full alignment is available from the authors.</p