691 research outputs found
Pinning Down Gravitational Settling
We analyse high-resolution archival UVES data of turnoff and subgiant stars
in the nearby globular cluster NGC 6397 ([Fe/H] = -2). Balmer-profile analyses
are performed to derive reddening-free effective temperatures. Due to the
limited S/N and uncertainties related to blaze removal, we find the data
quality insufficient to exclude the existence of gravitational settling. If the
newly derived effective temperatures are taken as a basis for an abundance
analysis, the photospheric iron (Fe II) abundance in the turnoff stars is 0.11
dex lower than in the (well-mixed) subgiants.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Summary of a talk given at the ESO-Arcetri
workshop in September of 2004. See also astro-ph/060820
Flavor content of nucleon form factors in the space- and time-like region
I discuss a two-component model of nucleon form factors in which the external
photon couples both to an intrinsic three-quark structure and to a meson cloud
via vector-meson dominance, and present a simultaneous analysis of the
electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon in the space- and time-like regions
as well as their strangeness content.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, invited talk at FB18, Santos, Brazil, August
21-26, 200
NIHTS: the near-infrared high throughput spectrograph for the Discovery Channel Telescope
NIHTS is a first-generation instrument now in use on Lowell Observatory’s Discovery Channel Telescope. It is a nearinfrared prism spectrograph of the BASS design featuring high throughput and low dispersion that is intended for observations of faint solar system and astrophysical objects over the YJHK spectral range. An unusual feature is its ability to observe simultaneously with the Large Monolithic Imager, an optical CCD camera, by means of a dichroic fold mirror. This is particularly valuable for time-variable targets such as Kuiper Belt Objects, asteroids, exoplanet transits, and brown dwarfs. We describe its design details and performance both in the lab and on the telescope
BIOTINYLATED AND CHELATED POLY-L-LYSINE AS EFFECTOR FOR PRETARGETING IN CANCER THERAPY AND IMAGING
Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesise and evaluate polylysine-based effectors for pretargeted radioimmunotherapy and imaging. These molecules can readily be size-modified and charge-modified to decrease the renal uptake of radioactivity, which is often a major problem for small radiolabeled molecules. Several chelators and biotin molecules (for antibody-streptavidin-binding in vivo) are also easily incorporated into one structure because of the polylysine.Methods: The effectors were synthesised using poly-L-lysine, NHS-LC-biotin, CHX-A''-DTPA or p-SCN-Bn-DOTA and succinic anhydride. They were characterised, labelled with 213Bi for targeted α therapy, 68Ga for PET and 111In for SPECT, and evaluated in vitro. A kidney uptake study was performed as well with two different-sized 213Bi-labeled effectors, to evaluate how the difference in size affects the renal filtration.Results: Radiochemical purities between 97.4±0.6 % and 99.6±0.1 % and decay-corrected yields of 80.2±2.4 % after purification were achieved with the radiolabeled molecules, as well as a specific activity of 7.6 × 103GBq/µmol. The avidin binding capacity was 94.4±1.9%. The kidney uptake study demonstrated a reduction of renal absorbed dose by 80% when modifying the molecular size and charge.Conclusion: The synthesised polylysine-based effectors show potential for further in vivo evaluation in pretargeted radioimmunotherapy and imaging
The role of material, psychosocial and behavioral factors in mediating the association between socioeconomic position and allostatic load (measured by cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory markers)
Lower socioeconomic position (SEP), both accumulated across the life course and at different life-stages, has been found to be associated with higher cumulative physiological burden, as measured by allostatic load. This study aimed to identify what factors mediate the association between SEP and allostatic load, as measured through combining cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory markers. We explored the role of material, psychological and behavioral factors, accumulated across two periods in time, in mediating the association between SEP and allostatic load. Data are from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study, with respondents followed over five waves of data collection from ages 35 to 55 (n=999). Allostatic load was measured by summing nine binary biomarker scores ('1'= in the highest-risk quartile) measured when respondents were 55. years old (wave 5). SEP was measured by a person's accumulated social class over two periods All mediators and SEP were measured at baseline in 1987 and 20. years later and combined to form accumulated measures of risk. Material mediators included car and home ownership, and having low income. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used as the psychosocial mediator. Behavioral mediators included smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet. Path analysis using linear regressions adjusting for sex were performed for each of the potential mediators to assess evidence of attenuation in the association between lower SEP and higher allostatic load. Analyses by mediator type revealed that renting one's home (approximately 78% attenuation) and having low income (approx. 62% attenuation) largely attenuated the SEP-allostatic load association. GHQ did not attenuate the association. Smoking had the strongest attenuating effect of all health behaviors (by 33%) with no other health behaviors attenuating the association substantially. Material factors, namely home tenure and income status, and smoking have important roles in explaining socioeconomic disparities in allostatic load, particularly when accumulated over time
Stability of general-relativistic accretion disks
Self-gravitating relativistic disks around black holes can form as transient
structures in a number of astrophysical scenarios such as binary neutron star
and black hole-neutron star coalescences, as well as the core-collapse of
massive stars. We explore the stability of such disks against runaway and
non-axisymmetric instabilities using three-dimensional hydrodynamics
simulations in full general relativity using the THOR code. We model the disk
matter using the ideal fluid approximation with a -law equation of
state with . We explore three disk models around non-rotating black
holes with disk-to-black hole mass ratios of 0.24, 0.17 and 0.11. Due to metric
blending in our initial data, all of our initial models contain an initial
axisymmetric perturbation which induces radial disk oscillations. Despite these
oscillations, our models do not develop the runaway instability during the
first several orbital periods. Instead, all of the models develop unstable
non-axisymmetric modes on a dynamical timescale. We observe two distinct types
of instabilities: the Papaloizou-Pringle and the so-called intermediate type
instabilities. The development of the non-axisymmetric mode with azimuthal
number m = 1 is accompanied by an outspiraling motion of the black hole, which
significantly amplifies the growth rate of the m = 1 mode in some cases.
Overall, our simulations show that the properties of the unstable
non-axisymmetric modes in our disk models are qualitatively similar to those in
Newtonian theory.Comment: 30 pages, 21 figure
Bioengineering bacterial encapsulin nanocompartments as targeted drug delivery system
The development of Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) has led to increasingly efficient therapies for the treatment and detection of various diseases. DDS use a range of nanoscale delivery platforms produced from polymeric of inorganic materials, such as micelles, and metal and polymeric nanoparticles, but their variant chemical composition make alterations to their size, shape, or structures inherently complex. Genetically encoded protein nanocages are highly promising DDS candidates because of their modular composition, ease of recombinant production in a range of hosts, control over assembly and loading of cargo molecules and biodegradability. One example of naturally occurring nanocompartments are encapsulins, recently discovered bacterial organelles that have been shown to be reprogrammable as nanobioreactors and vaccine candidates. Here we report the design and application of a targeted DDS platform based on the Thermotoga maritima encapsulin reprogrammed to display an antibody mimic protein called Designed Ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) on the outer surface and to encapsulate a cytotoxic payload. The DARPin9.29 chosen in this study specifically binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) on breast cancer cells, as demonstrated in an in vitro cell culture model. The encapsulin-based DDS is assembled in one step in vivo by co-expressing the encapsulin-DARPin9.29 fusion protein with an engineered flavin-binding protein mini-singlet oxygen generator (MiniSOG), from a single plasmid in Escherichia coli. Purified encapsulin-DARPin_miniSOG nanocompartments bind specifically to HER2 positive breast cancer cells and trigger apoptosis, indicating that the system is functional and specific. The DDS is modular and has the potential to form the basis of a multi-receptor targeted system by utilising the DARPin screening libraries, allowing use of new DARPins of known specificities, and through the proven flexibility of the encapsulin cargo loading mechanism, allowing selection of cargo proteins of choice
Empirically Constrained Color-Temperature Relations. II. uvby
(Abriged) A new grid of theoretical color indices for the Stromgren uvby
photometric system has been derived from MARCS model atmospheres and SSG
synthetic spectra for cool dwarf and giant stars. At warmer temperatures this
grid has been supplemented with the synthetic uvby colors from recent Kurucz
atmospheric models without overshooting. Our transformations appear to
reproduce the observed colors of extremely metal-poor turnoff and giant stars
(i.e., [Fe/H]<-2). Due to a number of assumptions made in the synthetic color
calculations, however, our color-temperature relations for cool stars fail to
provide a suitable match to the uvby photometry of both cluster and field stars
having [Fe/H]>-2. To overcome this problem, the theoretical indices at
intermediate and high metallicities have been corrected using a set of color
calibrations based on field stars having accurate IRFM temperature estimates
and spectroscopic [Fe/H] values. Encouragingly, isochrones that employ the
transformations derived in this study are able to reproduce the observed CMDs
(involving u-v, v-b, and b-y colors) for a number of open and globular clusters
(including M92, M67, the Hyades, and 47Tuc) rather well. Moreover, our
interpretations of such data are very similar, if not identical, with those
given by VandenBerg & Clem (2003, AJ, 126, 778) from a consideration of BV(RI)c
observations for the same clusters. In the present investigation, we have also
analyzed the observed Stromgren photometry for the classic Population II
subdwarfs, compared our "final" (b-y)-Teff relationship with those derived
empirically in a number of recent studies, and examined in some detail the
dependence of the m1 index on [Fe/H].Comment: 70 pages, 26 figures. Accepted for publication in AJ (Feb 2004).
Postscript version with high resolution figures and complete Table 3
available at http://astrowww.phys.uvic.ca/~jclem/uvb
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