The benefits to the Australian Pig meat industry from an increase in demand for a hypothetical low cholesterol pork product

This is the third of a series of papers examining the potential economic effects from the introduction of a hypothetical low cholesterol pork product into the Australian market. Here, a newly updated pig meat model reported by Griffith et al. (2010) is used to model the industry wide impacts of the Bellhouse et al. (2010) survey results on consumer willingness to pay for this new pork product. Six different scenarios are examined that are combinations of a 10, 20 or 30 per cent increase in consumer demand, with and without a 10 per cent increase in the costs of producing the more valuable pork. The simulation results for the various scenarios indicate total annual industry benefits of some $450m for an increase in aggregate willingness to pay of 30 per cent and no cost increase, down to$88m for an increase in aggregate willingness to pay of 10 per cent and a 10 per cent cost increase. Australian consumers receive about 80 per cent of total benefits, pork producers receive about 7-8 per cent and all other market participants together receive about 12-13 per cent. These values provide a guide to the size of the annual investment that could be justified by pork producers to produce a pig that is low in cholesterol.cholesterol, pork, Australia, consumer willingness to pay, demand, Agribusiness, Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Livestock Production/Industries, Production Economics,

Australian consumers' willingness to pay and willingness to purchase a hypothetical lower cholesterol pork product

This study investigated whether there would be an increase in consumer willingness to pay and purchase if reduced cholesterol pork was introduced to the Australian market. A stated choice analysis was used, with the following questions addressed. How are current purchases of fresh pork affected by concerns about cholesterol content? What financial premium, if any, would consumers place on reduced cholesterol pork? Would consumers buy more pork if a low cholesterol option were available? Is there a group of consumers, such as those with high cholesterol, who have an increased willingness to pay for or purchase reduced cholesterol pork when compared to consumers without this health problem? Results from this study indicated that at present the majority of consumers are relatively unconcerned about the cholesterol content of fresh pork and that there is a minimal effect of such concerns on fresh pork purchases. The results also predicted a significant financial premium for the reduced cholesterol product at the retail level, with increased willingness to pay for and consume reduced cholesterol pork by the average pork consuming family. However, as these results are the product of a stated choice analysis and not a revealed preference study, and therefore simply reasonable expectations, it is likely that the reported increase in demand in both quantity and price by potential consumers is overstated to some extent.pork, cholesterol, choice analysis, Australian pork, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Farm Management, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Livestock Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty,

Solicitor-Client Privilege and Litigation Privilege in Civil Litigation

This paper examines the nature and scope of solicitor-client privilege and litigation privilege. Contrary to a recent article suggesting that there are no real differences between them, it is argued that the two privileges are distinct in terms of both their underlying purposes and the requisite conditions to invoke them. Most importantly, confidentiality is a requirement of solicitor-client privilege but not of litigation privilege. Moreover, extending solicitor-client privilege to communications from third parties (as proposed in the recent article) would be dangerous. It would stretch the scope of that privilege beyond its justification of necessity, and open the way for lawyers to develop and offer a new product line : namely, confidentiality. Whatever third party communications a client desires to keep secret could conveniently be clothed with privilege simply by having lawyers act as a conduit for such communications and asking them for their legal opinion thereon (as it now appears the tobacco industry has been doing for some time with research data). A strong policy reason for confining solicitor-client privilege to direct communications between lawyer and client is to limit the potential abuse of the privilege. Further, since the assertion of privilege inevitably impedes the truth finding process, the public interest is best served by confining the scope of solicitor-client privilege within narrow limits. For the same reason, the concept of agents must be accorded a narrow meaning in the context of solicitor-client privilege, so as not to render agency a back-door through which third party communications attract solicitor-client privilege

Effect of Load Shedding on Small Scale Entrepreneurs: A Case of Kitwe District of Zambia

Electricity is one of the key factors that are critical for accelerating the growth of the economy of the country. Without electricity, a number of sectors are affected. From 2014, Zambia has been facing serious load shedding which has an effect on the lives of people from academia to industry. The study was designed to determine the effect of load shedding on small scale entrepreneurs in Zambia. The approach for the study was mixed research. The sample for the study consisted of 200 people working in bars, salons, barbershops and in cafes. Simple random sampling was used to come up with 200 participants. Data for the study were collected through questionnaire and face to face interviews. Data for the study were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. The null hypothesis was tested at 5% significance level. The findings of the study revealed that load shedding has negative effect on small scale entrepreneurs in Zambia

Effects of wheat and oat-based whole grain foods on serum lipoprotein size and distribution in overweight middle aged people : a randomised controlled trial

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Isolation, Identification, and Characterisation of Beer-Spoilage Lactic Acid Bacteria from Microbrewed Beer from Victoria, Australia

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The Impacat of Personality Type on Blog Participation

The objective of this study is to explore the impact of individual personality type on blog participation. Results indicate that blog participants are more likely to be introverts and perceptives