Efecto neuroprotector del aceite de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) en un modelo experimental de epilepsia

Background: Experimental studies have demonstrated that fatty acids such as omega 3 and 6 have anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, cardio protective and anti-tumor effects. Objective: The main objective was to determine the protective effect of sacha inchi oil on pentylenetetrazoleinduced seizures in albino mice. Material and Methods: Thirty male Balb/C albino mice of 8 weeks of age were purchased from the National Institute of Health (Lima-Peru). The animals were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each one. Group I: Control; PTZ (pentylenetetrazole 80 mg / kg, s.c.). II: PTZ + Diazepam (1 mg / kg; s.c.). Group III, IV, V: PTZ + sacha inchi oil at single doses of 250, 500, 1000 mg / kg respectively orally. Sacha inchi oil was administered 30 minutes before induction of seizures by PTZ. Next, various parameters such as latency, seizure frequency, duration and score were scored according to Racine scale. The program Graph Pad Prism v.4 was used for statistical analysis. Results: As result, the experimental group treated with sacha inchi oil at maximum dose of 1000 mg/kg showed better results in response to PTZ induced seizure; low levels of seizures, frequency and duration (P<0.001; ANOVA, P <0.001 Post-hoc Dunnett test). Conclusion: It is concluded that Sacha inchi oil presented anticonvulsant effect at the highest doses tested being very similar to Diazepam. The main mechanism could be by reducing free radical and improving GABA levels in the brain

Antiallergic effect of the atomized extract of rhizome of Curcuma longa, flowers of Cordia lutea and leaves of Annona muricata

Jorge Arroyo-Acevedo,1&ndash;3 Cesar Franco-Quino,4,5 Eliberto Ruiz-Ramirez,4,5 Roberto Ch&aacute;vez-Asmat,1,6 Andrea Anampa-Guzm&aacute;n,7,8 Ernesto Ra&eacute;z-Gonz&aacute;lez,3 Jos&eacute; Cabanillas-Coral9 1Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Research, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru; 2Institute of Clinical Research, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru; 3Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru; 4Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru; 5Graduate Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru; 6Association for the Development of Student Research in Health Sciences (ADIECS), Lima, Peru; 7School of Human Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru; 8Sociedad Cient&iacute;fica de San&nbsp;Fernando (SCSF), Lima, Peru; 9Faculty of Medicine, National University San Luis Gonzaga of Ica, Ica, Peru Introduction: Allergies are a problem that greatly affects the population, and hence the use of antiallergic medications is fairly widespread. However, these drugs have many adverse effects. The use of medicinal plants could be an option, but they need to be evaluated. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the antiallergic effect of the atomized extract of rhizome of Curcuma longa, flowers of Cordia lutea, and leaves of Annona muricata. Materials and methods: Twenty-four New Zealand white albino rabbits were randomized into 2 groups. Group A received the atomized extract diluted in physiological saline (APS) and group B received it diluted in Freund&rsquo;s adjuvant (FA). Then, the back of each rabbit was divided into 4 quadrants. The A-I quadrant received only physiological saline. The A-I quadrants of each rabbit conformed the PS group. The following 3 quadrants received the APS in 10&nbsp;&micro;g/mL, 100&nbsp;&micro;g/mL, and 1,000&nbsp;&micro;g/mL, respectively. The B-I quadrant received only FA. The B-I quadrants of each rabbit conformed the FA group. The following 3 quadrants received the AFA in 10&nbsp;&micro;g/mL, 100&nbsp;&micro;g/mL, and 1,000&nbsp;&micro;g/mL, respectively. The occurrence of erythema and edema was recorded according to the Draize scoring system and the primary irritation index. After 72&nbsp;hours, biopsies were performed. Results: The AFA group presented significantly less erythema and edema compared to the FA group (P&lt;0.05). The histopathologic evaluation at 72&nbsp;hours showed normal characteristics in the APS group. Conclusion: Considering the clinical and histopathological signs, we conclude that the administration of the atomized extract of rhizome of C. longa, flowers of C. lutea, and leaves of A. muricata lacks antigenic effect but could have an antiallergenic effect in a model of dermal irritation in rabbits. Keywords: rabbit, irritation, erythema, edem

Preventive effect of Oenothera rosea on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea- (NMU) induced gastric cancer in rats

Yuan Almora-Pinedo,1 Jorge Arroyo-Acevedo,2 Oscar Herrera-Calderon,3 V&iacute;ctor Chumpitaz-Cerrate,4 Ren&aacute;n Ha&ntilde;ari-Quispe,5 Aldo Tinco-Jayo,6 Cesar Franco-Quino,4 Linder Figueroa-Salvador7 1Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Nacional Hip&oacute;lito Unanue, Lima, 2Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, 3Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Ica, 4Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, 5Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Universidad Andina N&eacute;stor C&aacute;ceres Velasquez, Puno, 6Academic Department of Human Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional San Crist&oacute;bal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, 7School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru Background: Currently, gastric cancer (GC) is considered a public health problem worldwide. Using medicinal plants for the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer constitutes new alternatives in traditional medicine. Oenothera rosea (OR) could be an option, but it needs to be evaluated. Aim: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of OR extract on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced GC in rats. Methods: In total, 80 male Holtzman rats were randomized into five groups. Group A received the saline solution (5mL/kg), group B received NMU 500 &mu;g/kg (cancer inductor) by oral administration for 16 weeks, and groups C, D, and E were treated with OR extract (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, respectively) and NMU in order to evaluate the preventive effect on cancer induced by NMU for 16 weeks. Blood and histological samples of stomachs were collected to determine histopathological, biochemical, and hematological parameters between different experimental groups. Results: Groups C, D, and E presented less histopathological changes such as anaplastic and hyperplastic cells, compared with group B. Hematological and biochemical parameters were recorded, and superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels were statistically less than those of NMU group (P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01, and P&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Considering the histopathological signs and the antioxidant activity in vivo as well as hematological and biochemical parameters of ethanolic extract of OR, we concluded that its administration in rats has a protective effect on GC, which is induced experimentally. This species could be studied in clinical trials for patients with GC in the future. Keywords: carcinogenic, anticancer, gastroenterology, antioxidant, anaplasi

Effect of sacha inchi oil (Plukenetia volubilis L.) on genotoxicity in mice (Mus musculus) and subchronic toxicity in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Plukenetia volubilis se conoce como Sacha Inchi (SI) es originaria de la amazona peruana y se ha cultivado y consumido desde la época pre e inca. Objetivo: se evaluó la genotoxicidad del aceite de Sacha inchi en ratones albinos Balb C y la toxicidad subcrónica en peces dorados ( Carassius auratus ). Material y métodos: se evaluó la genotoxicidad en Mus musculus Balb C ( n= 25) separados en cinco grupos seleccionados al azar de veinticinco cada uno. Los grupos fueron 10 ml / kg de solución salina normal (NS), 40 mg / kg del grupo ciclofosfamida (CP) y los otros tres grupos recibieron ciclofosfamida y aceite de sacha inchi en concentraciones de 10, 100 y 1000 mg / kg respectivamente. Las sustancias se administraron tres veces durante 24 horas. La genotoxicidad en ratones se evaluó determinando los niveles de micronúcleos en sangre y médula ósea. La toxicidad subcrónica se evaluó en peces dorados ( Carassius auratus ) ( n = 48) separados en cuatro grupos seleccionados al azar de seis cada uno: grupo salino normal (control) y tres grupos que recibieron dosis de 10, 100 y 1000 μg de aceite de sacha inchi por litro de agua respectivamente por 45 días

Azadirachta indica: Antibacterial activity of neem against different strains of bacteria and their active constituents as preventive in various diseases

Neem has become valuable plant in the world which shows the solutions for hundreds to thousands problems. Azadirachta indica (Neem) is a rapidly growing evergreen well known tree found Pada generally in various regions of world like America, Africa and India. It has been widely used in Chinese, Ayurveda and Unani medicines across the world especially in Asians countries for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The different parts of neem plant contain biological compounds responsible for antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities. It is considered as safe medicinal plants and modulates the numerous biological processes without any adverse effect. Neem tree produces some active compounds which contain biological activities, parts of neem tree such as Root, bark, leaf, flower, seed and fruit together possesses biological activities. Various compounds have been obtained from various parts of neem. Biological activities of few of them have been studied. Hence, the article is aims to utilize the medicinal properties of whole neem plant in various disorders of mankind

Antioxidant and cytoprotective effect of piper aduncum L. against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced toxicity in albino mice

Piper aduncum, commonly known as matico, is a plant that grows in the mountainous and coastal regions of Peru, and is studied for its antimicrobial properties and various ethnopharmacological uses. The main objective of this study was to determine the cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of the methanolic extract of Piper aduncum leaves in Mus musculus previously administered with sodium fluoride (NaF) using the Micronucleus test and the Comet assay. The extract was administrated orally in four different concentrations: 150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/Kg for ten days. At the 11th day, a single dose of NaF was administrated via intraperitoneal at 20 mg/Kg. The genotoxicity study was performed with mice from the strain BALB/c, using the Micronucleus test on bone marrow and the Comet assay on peripheral blood according to OECD guidelines 474 and 489, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed by median analysis with ANOVA. Significant differences were found in Micronucleus frequency between the highest concentrations of Piper aduncum and NaF. The Comet assay showed significant reduction of NaF-induced damage on erythrocytes depending on the different concentrations of the extract which were evaluated in this study. It is concluded that the methanolic extract of P. aduncum leaves has cytoprotective and antioxidant activity against sodium fluoride

Protective effect of Chuquiraga spinosa lessing associated with simvastatin on N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU)-induced prostate cancer in rats

Chuquiraga spinosa Lessing (ChS) has shown protective effect on N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU)-induced prostate cancer in rats. Currently, statins are being studied for their pro-apoptotic and antimetastatic effects. The main objective of this research was to determine the protective effect associated with the oral administration of simvastatin and ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of ChS in the prevention of prostate cancer