Neurotoxicity of oxamniquine in the treatment of human infection due to S. mansoni

One hundred and eighty patients from the "Clínica de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo" with mansonic schistosomiasis have been treated with oxamniquine (single oral dose 12.5 15 mg or 16-20 mg/kg body weight, respectively to patients younger or older than 15 years old). The patients were 5 to 65 years old and the predominant clinical forms were intestinal and hepato-intestinal disease. The main neuropsychiatric side effects were: drowsiness (50.6%), dizziness (41.1%), headache (16.1%), temporary amnesia (2.2%), behaviour disturbances (1.7%), chills (1.1%), seizures (1.1%). In 20 patients the neurotoxicity associated with the drug has been evaluated comparing the electroencephalogram before and after the treatment. Alterations have been detected in 3 (15%) but were not associated with neuropsychiatric manifes- tations. The results show that oxamniquine determines toxic side effects in the neuropsychiatric area.Foram tratados com oxamniquine (dose oral única de 12,5 a 15 mg e 15 a 20 mg/kg de peso, para maiores e menores de 15 anos respectivamente) 180 indivíduos com esquistossomose mansoni, matriculados na Clínica de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. As idades variaram de 5 a 65 anos e as formas clínico-evolutivas prevalentes foram a intestinal e hepatointestinal. Os principais efeitos colaterais neuropsiquiátricos foram: sonolência (50,6%), tontura (41,1%), cefaléia (16,1%), amnésia transitória (2,2%), alterações de comportamento (1,7%), tremores (1,1%) e convulsão (1,1%). Em 20 indivíduos foi avaliada a neurotoxicidade da droga através de eletroencefalografia, antes e após o tratamento. Em 3 (15%), foram detectados alterações no traçado, sem contudo apresentarem manifestações clínicas neuropsiquiátricas. Os resultados demonstram ser o oxamniquine determinante de efeitos tóxico-colaterais na esfera neuropsiquiátrica

Clinical electroencephalogram (EEG) evaluation is improved by the amplitude asymmetry index

ABSTRACT Cerebral hemispheres, although similar, are neither completely symmetrical in structure nor equivalent in function. EEG asymmetry studies have been directed more to frequency than to amplitude analysis. Objective Better definition of normal amplitude asymmetry values on the classical EEG frequency bands. Results EEG amplitude asymmetry index (AAI) is physiologically low in normal adults, differences usually lesser than 7%. Conclusion Persistent or intermittent amplitude asymmetry regional differences higher than 7% may be suggestive of pathology after adequate correlation with clinical data and EEG classical visual analysis