Influence of flow on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by fatty amines in association with phosphonocarboxylic acid salts

This work was carried out to study the inhibition mechanism of a carbon steel in a 200 mg l−1 NaCl solution by a non-toxic multi-component inhibitor used for water treatment in cooling circuits. The inhibitive formulation was composed of 50 mg l−1 fatty amines associated with 200 mg l−1 phosphonocarboxylic acid salts. Steady-state current–voltage curves, obtained with a rotating disc electrode, revealed that the properties of the protective layer were dependent on the electrode rotation rate and on the immersion time. The cathodic process of oxygen reduction was not modified in the presence of the inhibitive mixture. As expected, the current densities increased when the rotation rate was increased. In the anodic range, original behaviour was observed: the current densities decreased when the electrode rotation rate increased. The morphology and the chemical composition of the inhibitive layers allowed the electrochemical results to be explained. Two distinct surface areas were visualised on the metal surface and the ratio between the two zones was dependent on the flow conditions. This behaviour was attributed to a mechanical effect linked to centrifugal force. XPS analysis revealed that the formation of a chelate between the phosphonocarboxylic acid salt molecules and the iron oxide/hydroxide was enhanced by the increase of the electrode rotation rate

Characteristics of clients referred to a protective agency

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

The Reception of Plainchant A MUSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND THEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION

This thesis (describing an exercise in Qualitative Research) explores the reception of plainchant through the minds of 30 participants and other informants. The participants were sent three Tracks of recorded plainchant and asked to comment upon them in a structured way. The tracks are referred to in the thesis as Track A, Track B and Track C. The other informants, including published writers and other professional exponents gave their views on plainchant more generally, with reference to specific chants of their own choosing. A primary point is made: that the ‘ancestral home’ of plainchant is the Christian Church; it is therefore to be expected that the emphases are both musical and theological. The thesis is structured in such a way as to reveal the views of the participants and others in respect of (a) memory – the way in which this music takes them ‘back’ in time through their own memories and to a sense of the long history of the Church; (b) serenity (a word used by more than one participant) signifying the sense of ‘inner calm’ generated by the music; and (c) transcendence – the way in which this kind of music evokes in some people the awareness of a ‘higher reality’, and seems to take them ‘beyond the confines of daily life’. Reference is made to the ‘double hermeneutic’ which this type of research entails, as I (the researcher) seek to make sense of the way in which the participants and others make sense of the phenomenon of plainchant. Reference is also made to the notion of ‘invitational rhetoric’, as I (the writer) invite the reader to enter into the minds of the participants and others, and to see the phenomenon of plainchant as they see it – or, rather, to hear it as they hear it. An outline of the structure is as follows: - The Introduction includes some comments about the possible origins of plainchant, although, as I point out, the history is decidedly obscure. A review of relevant literature indicates that much recent work on plainchant is concerned with areas which are very different from the specific focus of this thesis; but the review also includes reference to work on my main subject areas of Memory, Serenity and Transcendence. The Methodology chapter defines the research method as Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) with references to the ‘double hermeneutic’ and ‘invitational rhetoric’ as briefly described above. In the three ‘main’ chapters (4, 5 and 6, based on a, b and c above) there are numerous references to the philosophy of music, its links with theology, with emotions and even with cognitive science. The Conclusion focusses on the words of one informant about ‘the life of the Spirit’, and also takes up references (found at various earlier points) to one particular chant known as Tonus Peregrinus (the ‘wandering tone’): recent work has indicated a possible Hebrew origin for this tone; but the element of ‘peregrination’ is also present in the thesis itself, as I try to draw together the various strands of thought presented by my participants and informants, which lead us at some points well beyond the areas which might be expected, including mention of quantum physics and comments about ‘the nature of time’. Further work is clearly needed to develop these links in more detail. The reception of plainchant has proved to be a mine of unexpected treasures. My wording at times might seem florid; but music is an art with strong links to poetry and the visual arts; music also depends a good deal on repetition (as poetry sometimes does); and so ‘melismatic’ (rather than ‘minimalist’) language seems entirely appropriate in this context

Quantitative analysis of metastability in reversible diffusion processes via a Witten complex approach: the case with boundary.

Prépublication 04-40, IRMAR, UMR-CNRS 6625, Université de Rennes 1 (Août 2004)This article is a continuation of previous works by Bovier-Eckhoff-Gayrard-Klein, Bovier-Gayrard-Klein and Helffer-Klein-Nier. It is concerned with the analysis of the exponentially small eigenvalues of a semiclassical Witten Laplacian. We consider here the case of riemanian manifolds with boundary with a Dirichlet realization of the Witten Laplacian. A modified version of this preprint has been published in Mémoires de la SMF vol. 105, (2006

Situation nutritionnelle dans le monde : changements et enjeux

En dépit d'une situation nutritionnelle mondiale qui s'améliore lentement depuis plusieurs décennies, la scène reste dominée par la persistance massive de problèmes de sous-alimentation et de malnutrition au Sud et de maladies chroniques liées au régimes alimentaire du Nord. Depuis quelques années sont cependant apparus des changements considérables dans la perception que pouvait avoir la communauté internationale de la nature des problèmes nutritionnels, de leur relation avec la pauvreté et de leur impact sur le développement. Ces changements offrent de nouvelles perspectives d'approche dans la prévention et la lutte contre les malnutritions. Enfin, à côté des problèmes persistants, on note l'émergence récente, dans les pays à faible ou moyen revenu, des maladies liées au régime alimentaire. Cette transition nutritionnelle, largement méconnue, est liée en grande partie à l'urbanisation. La maîtrise de son évolution constitue un des enjeux majeurs du siècle prochain, pour les systèmes de santé comme pour la sécurité alimentaire à l'échelle mondiale. Pour prendre en compte l'ensemble de ces problèmes, une nouvelle approche est nécessaire. Au-delà des considérations économiques et de production habituelles, le bien-être nutritionnel des populations devrait constituer l'objectif central des politiques et des programmes de développement, en particulier agricoles. (Résumé d'auteur

La pêche de surface des thonidés tropicaux dans l'Océan Indien

Les ressources en thon de l'Océan Indien, bien qu'encore mal connues, font l'objet d'une pêche de plus en plus active. Les prises se sont accrues de plus de 60% entre les années 1980 et 1985, passant de 275OOO tonnes à près de 450OOO tonnes. Les captures de thonidés tropicaux de surface, principalement listao et albacore, ont presque doublé au cours de cette même période, passant de 156OOO tonnes à près de 300 000 tonnes et le potentiel de pêche de ces espèces est encore largement inconnu. Ce document donne un résumé des connaissances actuelles sur la biologie des principales espèces de thonidés de l'Océan Indien, l'environnement océanographique des thons et l'influence des conditions de milieu sur la production. Les principales pêcheries artisanales sont décrites pays par pays. Les résultats des nombreuses prospections réalisées par des canneurs pêchant à l'appât vivant et des senneurs ou effectués par avion sont analysées. Ces observations et ses résultats les plus récents des pêcheries industrielles à la senne permettent de dresser de façon succinte un récapitulatif des secteurs favorables à la concentration des thons en surface, et, par conséquent, des zones potentielles de pêche à la senne et à la canne. (Résumé d'auteur