Effect of different metals on oxidative state and mitochondrial membrane potential in trout erythrocytes

Homeostasis of metal ions is critical for life and excessive exposure can promote cellular damage that could be due to oxidative damage. In this context we evaluated the effects of three different elements (copper, zinc and aluminum) on oxidative stress and mitochondrial functionality in nucleated trout erythrocytes (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Flowcytometric measurements using MitoProbe and DCFDA-H2 as fluorescent probes, indicated that redox active copper was able to influence all the biological parameters considered while redox inert, zinc and aluminum, show no significant effects. Toxicity of Al and Zn represent a debated argument and their ability to interact with other endogenous metal ions/metal binding proteins could play a role modulating their cellular toxicity

Olive oil supplemented with Coenzyme Q(10): effect on plasma and lipoprotein oxidative status

Olive oil consumption is associated with protective cardiovascular properties, including some beneficial modifications in lipoprotein profile and composition. Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) exerts a protective effect on plasma lipoproteins. Aim of the study was to investigate whether extra virgin (EV) olive oil enriched with CoQ(10) affects CoQ(10) levels and oxidative status in plasma and in isolated lipoproteins. Twelve subjects were administered 20 mL olive oil per day for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of olive oil enriched with 20 mg and 2 more weeks with 40 mg of CoQ(10). Plasma and isolated lipoproteins were collected in each phase of the study and subsequently analyzed to assess lipid profile, CoQ10 levels, ORAC assay, resistance of lipoproteins to peroxidation and paroxonase 1 activity. Plasma CoQ(10) levels significantly increased with the 20 mg (+73%) and 40 mg dose (+170%), while the percentage of oxidized CoQ(10) decreased. A significant inverse correlation was found in plasma between percentage of oxidized CoQ(10) and total antioxidant capacity. A lower susceptibility of LDL to peroxidation was also found. Finally, a positive correlation was observed between concentration of CoQ(10) in HDL and paraoxonase-1 activity. EV olive oil enriched with both doses of CoQ(10) significantly affects its bioavailability and plasma redox status. These changes are associated with a decreased susceptibility of plasma lipoproteins to peroxidation associated with a chain-breaking antioxidant activity of the formulation

Cellular DNA damage in HDF, exposed or not exposed to UVA (365 kJ/m²), assessed using the standard alkaline comet assay (−FPG) and the modified version with FPG (+FPG) for detection of oxidised purines.

<p>HDF were either screened with formulations (BOX2, BMDBM), control cream (CC) or not screened at all (PC, positive control). Data are reported as the average of the median values of tail intensity. Error bars represent ± S.D. * vs PC.</p

UV absorption spectra of formulations containing 6% concentrations of BOX2 or BMDBM, before (thick lines) and after (thin lines) UVA exposure (275 kJ/m²), followed by extraction with ethyl acetate.

<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0083401#s2" target="_blank">materials and methods</a> for experimental details.</p

UV absorption spectra of 25 µM ethyl acetate solutions of the compounds tested.

<p>UV absorption spectra of 25 µM ethyl acetate solutions of the compounds tested.</p

Coenzyme Q₁₀ and α-lipoic acid: antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects in plasma and peripheral blood lymphocytes of supplemented subjects

Reactive oxygen species notonly causedamage but also have a physiological role in the protection against pathogens and in cell signalling. Mitochondrial nutrients, such as coenzyme Q10 and a-lipoic acid, beside their acknowledged antioxidant activities, show interesting features in relation to their redox state and consequent biological activity. In this study, we tested whether oral supplementation with 200 mg/day of coenzyme Q10 alone or in association with 200 mg/die of a-lipoic acid for 15 days on 16 healthy subjects was able to modulate the oxidative status into different compartments (plasma and cells), in basal condition and following an oxidative insult in peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to H2O2. Data have shown that tested compounds produced antioxidant and bioenergetic effects improving oxida-tive status of the lipid compartment and mitochondrial functionality in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Simultaneously, an increased intracellular reactive oxygen species level was observed, although they did not lead to enhanced DNA oxidative damage. Coenzyme Q10 and α-lipoic acid produced beneficial effects also steering intracellular redox poise toward a pro-oxidant environment. In contrast with other antioxidant molecules, pro-oxidant activities of tested mitochondrial nutrients and consequent oxidant mediated signalling, could have important implications in promoting adaptive response to oxidative stress

Olive oil supplemented with Coenzyme Q10: Effect on plasma and lipoprotein oxidative status

Olive oil consumption is associated with protective cardiovascular properties, including some beneficial modifications in lipoprotein profile and composition. Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) exerts a protective effect on plasma lipoproteins. Aim of the study was to investigate whether extra virgin (EV) olive oil enriched with CoQ(10) affects CoQ(10) levels and oxidative status in plasma and in isolated lipoproteins. Twelve subjects were administered 20 mL olive oil per day for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of olive oil enriched with 20 mg and 2 more weeks with 40 mg of CoQ(10). Plasma and isolated lipoproteins were collected in each phase of the study and subsequently analyzed to assess lipid profile, CoQ10 levels, ORAC assay, resistance of lipoproteins to peroxidation and paroxonase 1 activity. Plasma CoQ(10) levels significantly increased with the 20 mg (+73%) and 40 mg dose (+170%), while the percentage of oxidized CoQ(10) decreased. A significant inverse correlation was found in plasma between percentage of oxidized CoQ(10) and total antioxidant capacity. A lower susceptibility of LDL to peroxidation was also found. Finally, a positive correlation was observed between concentration of CoQ(10) in HDL and paraoxonase-1 activity. EV olive oil enriched with both doses of CoQ(10) significantly affects its bioavailability and plasma redox status. These changes are associated with a decreased susceptibility of plasma lipoproteins to peroxidation associated with a chain-breaking antioxidant activity of the formulatio

Flow cytometric analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential in HDF, exposed or not exposed to UVA (365 kJ/m²), determined using the JC-1 assay.

<p>HDF were either screened with formulations (BOX2, BMDBM), control cream (CC) or not screened at all (PC, positive control). Data are reported as percentage of cells presenting high mitochondrial membrane potential in terms of JC-1 red fluorescence. Error bars represent ± S.D. * vs −UVA.</p

Viability of HDF exposed or not exposed to UVA (365 kJ/m²), determined using the MTT assay, at time 0 and after 24 h.

<p>HDF were either screened with formulations (BOX2, BMDBM), control cream (CC) or not screened at all (PC, positive control). Data are expressed as percentage of live cells compared to unexposed controls (−UVA). Error bars represent ± S.D. * vs PC.</p

Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular levels of ROS in HDF, exposed or not exposed to UVA (365 kJ/m²), determined using the carboxy-DCFH-DA assay.

<p>HDF were either screened with formulations (BOX2, BMDBM), control cream (CC) or not screened at all (PC, positive control). Data are reported as percentage of cells presenting low (□), mid () and high (▪) intracellular levels of ROS expressed in terms of carboxy-DCF fluorescence. Error bars represent ± S.D. ** vs PC.</p