Circulating prolactin and in situ breast cancer risk in the European EPIC cohort: a case-control study

Introduction: The relationship between circulating prolactin and invasive breast cancer has been investigated previously, but the association between prolactin levels and in situ breast cancer risk has received less attention. Methods: We analysed the relationship between pre-diagnostic prolactin levels and the risk of in situ breast cancer overall, and by menopausal status and use of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) at blood donation. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess this association in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, including 307 in situ breast cancer cases and their matched control subjects. Results: We found a significant positive association between higher circulating prolactin levels and risk of in situ breast cancer among all women [pre-and postmenopausal combined, ORlog2 = 1.35 (95% CI 1.04-1.76), P-trend = 0.03]. No statistically significant heterogeneity was found between prolactin levels and in situ cancer risk by menopausal status (P-het = 0.98) or baseline HT use (P-het = 0.20), although the observed association was more pronounced among postmenopausal women using HT compared to non-users (P-trend = 0.06 vs P-trend = 0.35). In subgroup analyses, the observed positive association was strongest in women diagnosed with in situ breast tumors = 4 years after blood donation (P-trend = 0.01 vs P-trend = 0.63; P-het = 0.04) and among nulliparous women compared to parous women (P-trend = 0.03 vs P-trend = 0.15; P-het = 0.07). Conclusions: Our data extends prior research linking prolactin and invasive breast cancer to the outcome of in situ breast tumours and shows that higher circulating prolactin is associated with increased risk of in situ breast cancer. The relationship between circulating prolactin and invasive breast cancer has been investigated previously, but the association between prolactin levels and in situ breast cancer risk has received less attention

Vitamin C transporter gene (SLC23A1 and SLC23A2) polymorphisms, plasma vitamin C levels, and gastric cancer risk in the EPIC cohort

Vitamin C is known to protect mucosal tissues from oxidative stress and inhibit nitrosamine formation in the stomach. High consumption of fruits, particularly citrus, and higher circulating vitamin C concentrations may be inversely associated with gastric cancer (GC) risk. We investigated 20 polymorphisms in vitamin C transporter genes SCL23A1 and SCL23A2 and GC risk in 365 cases and 1,284 controls nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. We also evaluated the association between these polymorphisms and baseline plasma vitamin C levels in a subset of participants. Four SNPs were predictors of plasma vitamin C levels (SLC23A1 rs11950646 and rs33972313; SLC23A2 rs6053005 and rs6133175) in multivariable linear regression models. One SNP (SLC23A2 rs6116569) was associated with GC risk, in particular non-cardia GC (OR = 1.63, 95 % CI = 1.11-2.39, based on 178 non-cardia cases), but this association was attenuated when plasma vitamin C was included in the logistic regression model. Haplotype analysis of SLC23A1 yielded no associations with GC. In SLC23A2, one haplotype was associated with both overall and non-cardia GC, another haplotype was associated with GC overall, and a third was associated with intestinal-type GC. Common variants in SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 may influence plasma vitamin C concentration independent of dietary intake, and variation in SLC23A2 may influence GC risk. Additional prospective studies in large populations and consortia are recommended. Investigation of variation in vitamin C transporter genes may shed light on the preventative properties of vitamin C in gastric carcinogenesis

INFLUENCE DU LACTOSE SUR LA CROISSANCE ET SUR LA COMPOSITION CORPORELLE DU RAT BLANC. III. — RELATION ENTRE LA VITESSE DE CROISSANCE ET L'ADIPOSITÉ CORPORELLE

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Etude de la prévalence de l'acidose subaiguë du rumen dans les élevages laitiers en Wallonie

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) has been considered as a major metabolic disease in high producing dairy herds for years. However, different feeding practices However, different feeding practices and herd’s production levels are found in Wallonia. SARA prevalence in local herds was thus required 174 cows (164 Holstein and 10 Brown Swiss) out of 24 walloon herds were sampled from 2011 to 2012 for evaluation of their ruminal function. Selection of minimum 5 cows per herd was made on basis of days in milk (<150 DIM), or low milk fat % (F <3.2%), or fat/protein % (F/P≤1), or at farmer’s request (animal debilitated or chronically ill). Ruminal fluid was sampled 4-8 h after feeding using a Geishauser oro-pharyngeal probe, preventing saliva contamination. pH was measured by a portable pHmeter and values were reduced by 0.35 as proposed by Duffield (2004) because of the higher pH values in reticulum sampling site compared with rumenocentesis. Redox potential was determined by Methylene Blue Reduction Time (MBRT) and protozoa assessed by microscopy. Production values were obtained by the National Dairy Herds Improvement. Health scores were determined as described by Zaaier et al. (2001). RESULTS Mean production values ± SD of these animals (DIM: 106 ± 84) were 33.2 ± 8.9 kg milk, F = 3.47 ± 0.72%, P = 3.25 ± 0.25%, F/P = 1.07 ± 0.23. Mean BCS was 2.6 ± 0.6. Mean pH value ± SD was 6.50 ± 0.42. 10 animals (5.7%) from 6 herds were below 5.8, of which 4 cows from H8 (23 sampled cows). No result was < 5.5. MBRT was 4.16 ± 3.13 min. In 5 cows, value < 1min indicated a more amylolytic bacterial flora. In 24 samples, no reduction of MB occurred, demonstrating bacterial inactivity. Disappearance of large protozoa was observed in 6 samples, of which 5 abnormal specimens came from H8. No correlation between low pH values and F/P or %F could be found. CONCLUSION In no herd, prevalence was >25%, required for SARA diagnosis. Regarding these results, prevalence of SARA appears very low in Wallonia while on the opposite, ruminal flora inactivity seems far more common

Enquête épidémiologique sur la prévalence de l'acidose subaiüe du rumen dans les troupeaux wallons

peer reviewedSubacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) has been considered as a major metabolic disease in high producing dairy herds for years. For instance, out of 737 cows from Wisconsin farms, 20% exhibited ruminal pH values lower than 5.5, allowing diagnosis of SARA, while 23% of animals were considered at risk with ruminal pH values between 5.5 and 5.8. These findings were corroborated by further studies in Europe. However, different feeding practices and herd’s production levels are found in Wallonia, requiring evaluation of SARA prevalence in local herds

High Amplitude Acoustic Field Effects on Air-Assisted Liquid Jets

International audienc

ÉTUDE DE L'INGESTION SPONTANÉE D'ÉLÉMENTS ÉNERGÉTIQUES ET DE PROTÉINES CHEZ LE RAT EN CROISSANCE PAR LA MÉTHODE DU LIBRE CHOIX

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Raoultella ornithinolytica: An unusual pathogen for prosthetic joint infection

We herein report the first case of a prosthetic joint infection caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica in an immunocompetent patient. The clinical outcome was favorable after a two-stage prosthetic exchange and a six-month course of antimicrobial therapy

Evaluation de la fonction ruménale de vaches Belges suspectées d'acidose subclinique du rumen

peer reviewedSubacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) has been considered a major pathology in high producing dairy herds for years. These findings were corroborated by several studies in Europe. However, different feeding practices and herds’ production levels are found in Southern Belgium. This study aimed to ascertain whether dairy cows of several herds from the south of Belgium (Wallonia) with a suspicion of SARA really did present too low ruminal pH values. Twenty-four herds were visited and 172 cows were sampled using an oropharyngeal device to collect ruminal fluid, i.e. Geishauser probe. On the samples, three tests were performed: pH measurement, methylene blue reduction test and microscopic evaluation of protozoa vitality. Based on these analyses, no cows demonstrated pH values lower than 5.5 and, only ten cows could be considered at risk for SARA. By contrast, in eightteen cows, pH values higher than 7.0 were measured and ruminal inactivity was suspected. In this study, ruminal alkalosis appeared to be more frequently observed than SARA.Valorisation des solubles de blé liquides (PROTIWANZE®) issus de la fabrication du bioéthanol dans l’alimentation des bovins en Walloni

ÉTUDE DE L'AJUSTEMENT DE LA CONSOMMATION SPONTANÉE D'ÉNERGIE EN FONCTION DE L'APPORT AZOTÉ CHEZ LE RAT EN CROISSANCE

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