Derek Denny-brown: O Homem Por Detrás Dos Gânglios

The authors present an historical review about the main contributions of Professor Derek Denny-Brown to neurology. Some of his achievements include the first description of sensory neuronopathies, and some of the essential textbooks on the function and anatomy of the basal ganglia. In 2016, on the 35th anniversary of his death, modern neurologists are still strongly influenced by his legacy. © 2017, Associacao Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. All rights reserved.75212712

Distrofia Miotônica Tipo 1: Frequência Dos Achados Oftalmológicos

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of ophthalmologic abnormalities in a cohort of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients and to correlate them with motor function. We reviewed the pathophysiology of cataract and low intraocular pressure (IOP). Method: Patients were included after clinical and laboratory diagnosis and after signed informed consent. They were evaluated by Motor Function Measure scale, Portuguese version (MFM-P) and ophthalmic protocol. Results: We evaluated 42 patients aged 17 to 64 years (mean 40.7 ± 12.5), 22 of which were men. IOP (n = 41) was reduced in all but one. We found cataract or positivity for surgery in 38 (90.48%) and ptosis in 23 (54.76%). These signs but not IOP were significantly correlated with severity of motor dysfunction. Abnormalities in ocular motility and stereopsis were observed. Conclusion: Cataract and ptosis are frequent in DM1 and associated to motor dysfunction. Reduced IOP is also common, but appears not to be related with motor impairment. © 2016, Associacao Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. All rights reserved.74318318

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time, and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space. While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes, vast areas of the tropics remain understudied. In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity, but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases. To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge, it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Fatigue and its associated factors in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease

Fatigue has been described in several neurodegenerative diseases, reducing quality of life. A systematic evaluation of this clinical feature is lacking in SCA3/MJD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and the factors associated with fati161118121sem informaçãosem informaçã

Infection of sparrows (Passer domesticus) and different mice strains with Lawsonia intracellularis

The susceptibility of sparrows (Passer domesticus) and strains of mice (Swiss, BALB/c, C-57 and DB-A) to Lawsonia intracellularis infection was studied. Thirty-two sparrows were inoculated with pure culture of L. intracellularis and eleven received sham inoculum. Feces were collected on -1, 7, 14 and 21 days post infection (dpi) for detection of L. intracellularis by PCR. After 21 days, all sparrows were euthanized and the tissues processed for histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). One hundred sixty mice of four different strains (n=40, per strain) were used. For each mouse strain, 16 animals received mucosa homogenate from a pig infected with L. intracellularis, 16 received pure culture of L. intracellularis and eight animals received sham inoculum. Two control and four inoculated mice from each group were euthanized on 7, 14, 21 and 28 dpi. Sections of intestine were collected for histologic analysis and IHC and pooled feces were collected for L. intracellularis PCR. None of the sparrows had any histologic lesions characteristic of proliferative enteropathy or antigen labeling by IHC. All sparrow fecal samples were negative by PCR. All mice strains studied had histopathological lesions typical of PE and IHC labeling consistent with L. intracellularis infection, especially those animals inoculated with pure culture. The most severe lesions were observed in DB-A and Swiss mice. Fecal shedding was detected in all mice strains, with peak at 14 dpi. We conclude that sparrows do not seem to be relevant in the epidemiology of L. intracellularis. The results showed variations in the lesions among the four mice strains used

Infection of sparrows (Passer domesticus) and different mice strains with Lawsonia intracellularis Infecção de pardais (Passer domesticus) e diferentes linhagens de camundongos com Lawsonia intracellularis

The susceptibility of sparrows (Passer domesticus) and strains of mice (Swiss, BALB/c, C-57 and DB-A) to Lawsonia intracellularis infection was studied. Thirty-two sparrows were inoculated with pure culture of L. intracellularis and eleven received sham inoculum. Feces were collected on -1, 7, 14 and 21 days post infection (dpi) for detection of L. intracellularis by PCR. After 21 days, all sparrows were euthanized and the tissues processed for histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). One hundred sixty mice of four different strains (n=40, per strain) were used. For each mouse strain, 16 animals received mucosa homogenate from a pig infected with L. intracellularis, 16 received pure culture of L. intracellularis and eight animals received sham inoculum. Two control and four inoculated mice from each group were euthanized on 7, 14, 21 and 28 dpi. Sections of intestine were collected for histologic analysis and IHC and pooled feces were collected for L. intracellularis PCR. None of the sparrows had any histologic lesions characteristic of proliferative enteropathy or antigen labeling by IHC. All sparrow fecal samples were negative by PCR. All mice strains studied had histopathological lesions typical of PE and IHC labeling consistent with L. intracellularis infection, especially those animals inoculated with pure culture. The most severe lesions were observed in DB-A and Swiss mice. Fecal shedding was detected in all mice strains, with peak at 14 dpi. We conclude that sparrows do not seem to be relevant in the epidemiology of L. intracellularis. The results showed variations in the lesions among the four mice strains used.A susceptibilidade de pardais (Passer domesticus) e linhagens de camundongos (Swiss, BALB / C, C-57 e DB-A) à infecção por L. intracellularis foi testada. Trinta e dois pardais foram inoculados com cultura pura de L. intracellularis e onze receberam placebo. As fezes foram coletadas nos dias -1, 7, 14 e 21 após a infecção (dpi) para a detecção de Lawsonia intracellularis por PCR. Após 21 dias, todos os pardais foram eutanasiados e os tecidos processados para a realização da histologia e imuno-histoquímica (IHQ). Cento e sessenta camundongos de quatro linhagens diferentes (n=40, por linhagem) foram utilizados. Para cada linhagem de camundongo, 16 receberam homogeneizado de mucosa preparado a partir de um suíno infectado com L. intracellularis, 16 receberam cultura pura de L. intracellularis e oito animais receberam placebo. Dois camundongos controle e quatro camundongos inoculados de cada grupo foram sacrificados aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dpi. Seções de intestino foram coletadas para análise histológica e IHQ e amostras de fezes foram coletadas para a realização da PCR para detecção de L. Intracellularis. Nenhum dos pardais apresentou lesões histológicas características da enteropatia proliferativa ou marcação positiva por meio da IHQ. As amostras de fezes dos pardais foram negativas na PCR. Todas as linhagens de camundongos estudadas tinham lesões histopatológicas típicas de enterite proliferativa e IHQ positiva para a infecção por L. intracellularis, especialmente aqueles animais inoculados com a cultura pura. As lesões mais graves foram observadas em camundongos DB-A e Swiss. A eliminação fecal foi detectada em todas as linhagens de camundongos, com pico 14 dpi. Conclui-se que os pardais não são relevantes na disseminação da L. intracellularis. Os resultados mostraram variações nas lesões entre as quatro linhagens de camundongos utilizadas, indicando o potencial risco que os camundongos representam na transmissão de L. Intracellularis