Neutrophil levels at admittance and during the disease course of leptospirosis patients.

<p>(A) Counts of immune cells for healthy controls (circles) and leptospirosis patients (squares) at admittance (M0). (B) The maximal value of PMN count reached during hospital stay was compared between mild and severe forms. For A and B, the largest horizontal bars indicate the median value, upper and lower bars the interquartile ranges. Comparisons with non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. *, *** indicate P-value inferior to 0.05 and 0.0001 respectively. (C) Among the patients with leptospirosis, the maximal value of PMN was correlated to the maximal value of creatinine with Spearman test.</p

Circulating CXCL8 (interleukin 8) levels are not significantly elevated in leptospirosis cases.

<p>CXCL8 levels were assessed by ELISA of plasma from healthy control individuals (circles, n = 13) and leptospirosis cases (squares, n = 15). For leptospirosis cases, assessment was performed with sampling at hospital admittance corresponding to acute phase (M0), with PCR positive patients. Comparison between two groups with non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test showed no significant difference.</p

Expression of cell surface molecules implicated in PMN recruitment and activation during leptospirosis.

<p>(A) Expression levels of receptors and ligands on circulating PMN at admittance, assessed by flow cytometry. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values were evaluated while isotypic negative controls were set with an MFI of 10⁻¹. One value is missing for CD15. (B) Evolution of CD15 expression among 7 leptospirosis patients and comparison between admittance (M0) and at 1-month (M1) post infection. Largest horizontal bars indicate the median value, upper and lower bars the interquartile ranges. Comparison of the patient group and healthy donor group with non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, and comparison within patients between M0 and M1 with non-parametric Wilcoxon paired test. *, **, *** indicate P-value inferior to 0.05, 0.001 and 0.0001 respectively.</p

Bacterial burden is higher in severe leptospirosis.

<p>Plasma bacterial load is established from the plasma PCR values (n = 12) and using the log-transformed standard curve as described [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165716#pone.0165716.ref027" target="_blank">27</a>]. Horizontal bars indicate the median. Comparison with non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. * indicates P-value inferior to 0.05.</p

Kaplan-Meier plots of the risk of disease relapse following rituximab in 31 IgG4-RD responding patients.

<p>Kaplan-Meier plots of the risk of disease relapse following rituximab in 31 IgG4-RD responding patients.</p

Kaplan-Meier plots of the risk of disease relapse following rituximab for patients with IgG4-RD RI >9 and with IgG4-RD RI ≤9 at RTX treatment.

<p>IgG4-RD RI, IgG4-related disease Responder Index.</p

Clinical, biological and radiological efficacy of RTX in 33 patients with IgG4-RD.

<p>Clinical, biological and radiological efficacy of RTX in 33 patients with IgG4-RD.</p

Hazard ratio for risk of flare: Unadjusted Cox regressions.

<p>Hazard ratio for risk of flare: Unadjusted Cox regressions.</p

Kaplan-Meier plots of the risk of disease relapse following rituximab for patients with IgG4-RD RI >9 and with IgG4-RD RI ≤9 at RTX treatment.

<p>IgG4-RD RI, IgG4-related disease Responder Index.</p

Risk of disease relapse following rituximab for patients with glucocorticoid and without glucocorticoid maintenance therapy at last follow-up or relapse.

<p>Risk of disease relapse following rituximab for patients with glucocorticoid and without glucocorticoid maintenance therapy at last follow-up or relapse.</p