Archaeological Survey and Testing at Rancho de las Cabras, Wilson County, Texas

During summer 1980 a program of archaeological survey and testing was carried out by the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Anionio, for the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department at the site of Rancho de las Cabras near Floresville, Texas. The site is reputed to be the livestock ranch of Mission San Fran~isco de la Espada in the late 18th century. Large areas of the site were surveyed to determine if prehistoric sites were present. The limits of the historic occupation were determined through surface survey and shovel testing. Archaeological testing within and adjacent to the historic ruins located architectural and-cultural features which will need . further excavation and study. The depth and composition of the historic deposits throughout the site were tested and recorded. A map of the compound was prepared in cooperation with professional surveyors provided by the Parks and Wildlife Department. Recommendations for future historical and archaeological research are included in the report

Historical Survey of the Lands within The Alamo Plaza - River Linkage Development Project

In December 1977 the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, entered into a contract with the City of San Antonio to compile a history of a section of the city bounded by Alamo Street, Crockett Street, the San Antonio River and Houston Street. Plans for the area include removal of a number of buildings and construction of a major hotel, a parking garage, and a park linking Alamo Plaza with the San Antonio River Walk. The area to be affected includes the sites of a number of important historical structures, including the southwest corner of Mission San Antonio de Valero and the site of one of the first commercial ice plants in the city. The document produced by this study is to be used as a basis for planning archaeological excavations in the area to be disturbed by construction. Research has been carried out by the authors under the supervision of Dr. Thomas R. Hester, Director of the Center and Jack Eaton, Assistant Director

Archaeological and Historical Investigations at the Alamo North Wall San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas

In March 1979, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted test excavations in the vicinity of the north wall of the Alamo within the second patio. A great deal of information was recovered about all phases of the development of the site, from the early eighteenth century through the restoration period in the early twentieth century. Information was recovered on the location and dimensions of defensive trenches and structures constructed in the north courtyard in preparation for the battles of late 1835 and March 1836. A human cranium recovered from the fill of a defensive trench has been identified as possibly a male about 17 to 23 years of age. The ethnic affiliation of the individual could not be positively determined, nor could the cause of death

Implementing tradable permits for sulfur oxides emissions : a case study in the South Coast Air Basin

Tradable emissions permits have important theoretical advantages over source-specific technical standards as a means for controlling pollution. Nonetheless, difficulties can arise in trying to implement an efficient, competitive market in emissions permits. Simple workable versions of the market concept may fail to achieve the competitive equilibrium, or to take account of important complexities in the relationship between the pattern of emissions and the geographical distribution of pollution. Existing regulatory law may severely limit the range of market opportunities that states can adopt. This report examines the feasibility of tradable permits for controlling particulate sulfates in the Los Angeles airshed. Although the empirical part of the paper deals with a specific case, the methods developed have general applicability. Moreover, the particular market design that is proposed -- an auction process that involves no net revenue collection by the state -- has attractive features as a general model

Cultural Resources Survey: Freeport, Harbor, Texas, (45-Foot) Navigation Improvement Project, Brazoria County, Texas

In October and November of 1980, the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, conducted an intensive resource survey and limited testing in an area on either side of the mouth of the Brazos River in Brazoria County, Texas. A history was composed of the project area in relation to that of the Republic and State of Texas. A structural history of the town of Velasco was compiled from archival and historical research. Intensive survey and assessment of the project area resulted in the conclusion that, aside from a few possible subsurface indications at or below the water level, Fort Velasco and the townsite of Velasco have been eliminated by the action of successive tropical storms. It is recommended, however, that further intensive testing be carried out if the area within Monument Square of old Velasco is to be seriously impacted by the Freeport Harbor Navigation Improvement Project

The Passing of Print

This paper argues that ephemera is a key instrument of cultural memory, marking the things intended to be forgotten. This important role means that when ephemera survives, whether accidentally or deliberately, it does so despite itself. These survivals, because they evoke all those other objects that have necessarily been forgotten, can be described as uncanny. The paper is divided into three main sections. The first situates ephemera within an uncanny economy of memory and forgetting. The second focuses on ephemera at a particular historical moment, the industrialization of print in the nineteenth century. This section considers the liminal place of newspapers and periodicals in this period, positioned as both provisional media for information as well as objects of record. The third section introduces a new configuration of technologies – scanners, computers, hard disks, monitors, the various connections between them – and considers the conditions under which born-digital ephemera can linger and return. Through this analysis, the paper concludes by considering digital technologies as an apparatus of memory, setting out what is required if we are not to be doubly haunted by the printed ephemera within the digital archive

ELMO1 has an essential role in the internalization of Salmonella Typhimurium into enteric macrophages that impacts disease outcome.

Backgrounds and aims4-6 million people die of enteric infections each year. After invading intestinal epithelial cells, enteric bacteria encounter phagocytes. However, little is known about how phagocytes internalize the bacteria to generate host responses. Previously, we have shown that BAI1 (Brain Angiogenesis Inhibitor 1) binds and internalizes Gram-negative bacteria through an ELMO1 (Engulfment and cell Motility protein 1)/Rac1-dependent mechanism. Here we delineate the role of ELMO1 in host inflammatory responses following enteric infection.MethodsELMO1-depleted murine macrophage cell lines, intestinal macrophages and ELMO1 deficient mice (total or myeloid-cell specific) was infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The bacterial load, inflammatory cytokines and histopathology was evaluated in the ileum, cecum and spleen. The ELMO1 dependent host cytokines were detected by a cytokine array. ELMO1 mediated Rac1 activity was measured by pulldown assay.ResultsThe cytokine array showed reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and MCP-1, by ELMO1-depleted macrophages. Inhibition of ELMO1 expression in macrophages decreased Rac1 activation (~6 fold) and reduced internalization of Salmonella. ELMO1-dependent internalization was indispensable for TNF-α and MCP-1. Simultaneous inhibition of ELMO1 and Rac function virtually abrogated TNF-α responses to infection. Further, activation of NF-κB, ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases were impaired in ELMO1-depleted cells. Strikingly, bacterial internalization by intestinal macrophages was completely dependent on ELMO1. Salmonella infection of ELMO1-deficient mice resulted in a 90% reduction in bacterial burden and attenuated inflammatory responses in the ileum, spleen and cecum.ConclusionThese findings suggest a novel role for ELMO1 in facilitating intracellular bacterial sensing and the induction of inflammatory responses following infection with Salmonella