How Many Pregnancies Had Lady Macbeth?

A question not to be asked, say the literary critics. L.C. Knights\u27 witty denunciation of Bradleian analysis became a part of our critical language when Knights thirty years ago entitled his influential essay How Many Children Had Lady Macbeth? Knights contended that the only profitable approach to Shakespeare is a consideration of his plays as dramatic poems, of his use of language to obtain a total complex emotional response. Yet the bulk of Shakespeare criticism is concerned with his characters, his heroines, his love of Nature or his \u27philosophy\u27 — with everything, in short, except with the words on the page

It's A Wrap

Collaborative Inclusive Performance “It’s a Wrap” directed by Alice Fox of the learning-disabled RocketArtist Studios. Throughout the collaborative, inclusive creation of the performance we employed Alice’s research on practices for working inclusively with vulnerable people with learning disabilities through performance

Playful facilitation methods for serious purposes

The facilitation approach described here, though developed in artistic contexts, can easily be adapted to tackle serious organisational issues like team relationships, collaborative working and strategic planning. In a nutshell, it involves combining movement, material and words to create an emotionally safe, trusting landscape that is conducive to honest, brave exchange. Our reflections are based on two particular events, separated by a couple of years, in two different oriental locations. We begin by describing a visit to Taiwan, where we worked with a group of older people to prepare them rapidly for a live collaborative performance featuring ice and ribbon. The other (earlier) event took place in Cambodia and, though it was based on similar principles, the context was quite different: a group of staff from all levels of an NGO managed to develop a draft strategic plan by writing on fruit and teapots. In both cases, a playful and creative way of working enabled those involved to bond rapidly and achieve something useful and positive

Active Transport of D-galactose and 3-0-methylglucose by Turtle lntestine

Isolated segments of the intestine of turtle (Chrysemys picta) were found to transport D-galactose and 3-0-methyglucose against a concentration gradient in vitro at 30° C. Uptake of both sugars by the mucosal epithelium was directly dependent upon the concentration of sugar in the external fluid. Evidence indicated that 3-methylglucose is not metabolized by turtle intestinal tissue while D-galactose is. Both sugars were absorbed well by upper or middle intestinal segments, but 3-0-methyglucose was absorbed at a faster rate than D-galactose. It was concluded that neither substitution of the hydroxyl group at the third Carbon of the ring by a methyl group, nor reversal of hydroxyl and hydrogen groups at the fourth position, will block the active transport of molecules by the mucosal epithelium of this species

The Effects of Phlorizin, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and Oxygen Deprivation on the Intestinal Transport of D-glucose

The effect of various concentrations of phlorizin and 2,4-dinitrophenol, plus the effect of oxygen deprivation on intestinal absorption of D-glucose was investigated. Paired segments of turtle (Chrysemys picta) small intestine in vitro were used. Preparations were incubated for one hour in a shaking water bath at 30°C in Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate, with or without inhibitor. Phlorizin, in all concentrations used, was found to prevent uptake of glucose by the mucosal epithelium. Inhibition also occurred, in a lesser degree, with 2,4-dinitrophenol, and when the system was flushed with nitrogen instead of air

Short-changed: spending on prison mental health care

Last year, £20.8 million was spent on mental health care in prisons through inreach teams. This is 11% of total prison health care spending or just over £300 for each member of the prison population. Prison inreach teams aim to provide the specialist mental health services to people in prison that are provided by community-based mental health teams for the population at large. But inreach teams have been hindered by limited resourcing, constraints imposed by the prison environment, difficulties in ensuring continuity of care and wide variations in local practice. Government policy for prison health care is based on the principle of equivalence. This means that standards of care for people in prison should be the same as those available in the community at large, relative to need. The level of need for mental health care in prisons is particularly high, because of the much greater prevalence of mental illness, especially severe mental illness, among prisoners than among people of working age in the general population. While more is spent per head on mental health care in prisons than in the wider community, this is not nearly enough to accommodate this much higher level of need. The resources currently available for mental health care in prisons are only about a third of the amount required to deliver the policy objective of equivalence. Spending on prison mental health care also varies widely across the country. In London and in the North East, Yorkshire and Humber, the NHS spends more than twice as much per prisoner than it does in the East Midlands and the South West. This variation cannot be explained by different levels of need or costs: it amounts to a postcode lottery in prison mental health care. Major investment is needed in the overall level of provision for mental health care in prisons and in its geographical allocation if equivalence is ever to be achieve