A longitudinal study of naval flight students with particular attention to cardiovascular disease Progress report no. 3, 1 Apr. - 30 Sep. 1965

Cardiovascular and respiratory disease in former flight students - aerospace medicin

Reflections on the relationship between artificial intelligence and operations research

Historically, part of Artificial Intelligence's (AI's) roots lie in Operations Research (OR). How AI has extended the problem solving paradigm developed in OR is explored. In particular, by examining how scheduling problems are solved using OR and AI, it is demonstrated that AI extends OR's model of problem solving through the opportunistic use of knowledge, problem reformulation and learning

From inanimate matter to living systems

Since the early part of this century, the Genesis account of the origin and evolution of life has been explained as an extrapolation of astronomical and geochemical processes. The essence of the answer to date is a protoreproductive protocell of much biochemical and cytophysical competance. The processes of its origin, molecular ordering, and its functions are described. A crucial understanding is that of the nonrandomness of evolutionary processes at all stages (with perhaps a minor statistical component). In this way, evolution conflicts with statistical randomness; the latter is a favorite assumption of both scientific and creationistic critics of the proteinoid theory. The principle contribution of the proteinoid theory to the understanding of general biology is to particularize the view that evolutionary direction is rooted in the shapes of molecules, in stereochemistry. After molecules of the right kind first assembled to protocells, life in its various stages of evolution was an inevitable consequence. It is molecules that continue to assemble as part of living process and, in the role of enzymes, continue to direct life cycle of the cell

<investigations in space-related biology, including molecular evolution and relevant aspects of the extra-terrestrial environment< semiannual status report, 1 jun. - 30 nov. 1964

Investigations in space related biology, molecular evolution, and extraterrestrial environmen

Measuring the effect of opportunity cost of time on participation in sports and exercise

This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Background: There is limited research on the association between opportunity cost of time and sports and exercise due to lack of data on opportunity cost of time. Using a sample of 14142 adults from Health Survey for England (2006), we develop and test a composite index of op-portunity cost of time (to address the current issues with data constraint on opportunity cost of time) in order to explore the relationship between opportunity cost of time and sports participation. Methods: Probit regression models are fitted adjusting for a range of covariates. Opportunity cost of time is measured with two proxy measures: a) composite index (consisting of various indicators of wage earnings) con-structed using principal component analysis; and b) education and employment, approach in the literature. We estimate the relative impact of the composite index compared with current proxy measures, on prediction of sports participation. Findings: Findings suggest that higher opportunity cost of time is associated with increased likelihood of sports participation, regardless of the time intensity of activity or the measure of opportunity cost of time used. The relative impacts of the two proxy measures are comparable. Sports and exercise was found to be positively correlated with income. Another important positive correlate of sports and exercise is participation in voluntary activity. The research and policy implications of our findings are discussed

Linkages in thermal copolymers of lysine

The thermal copolymerization of lysine with other alpha-amino acids was studied. The identity of the second amino acid influences various properties of the polymer obtained, including the proportion of alpha and epsilon linkages of lysine. A review of linkages in proteinoids indicates alpha and beta linkages for aspartic acid, alpha and gamma linkages for glutamic acid, alpha and epsilon linkages for lysine, and alpha linkages for other amino acids. Thermal proteinoids are thus more complex in types of linkage than are proteins

Tracking the position Global satellite navigations in Europe Expanding man's understanding ‘GALILEO: 2020!’

Mankind has a thirst to travel and while travel into outer space is a relatively new concept, we increasingly rely, on Earth, on technologies deployed in space to aid our safety, security – including in a transport context, where we look for efficient and effective means. This paper focuses on satellite navigation systems and European undertakings to compete in, what is becoming, an ever-growing, competitive market. The specific focus is on GALILEO – the journey undertaken in terms of endeavouring to make it fully operational by the end of 2020. As part of this, comment and reflection are provided as to the challenges encountered – including Covid-19 and the relationship between the UK and EU. This includes commentary as to the implications of Brexit, in terms of access and use of, and to, European satellite navigation systems. The research-design applied is historical, policy and legislative based. It commences by considering the origins of global navigations systems before the focus is turned to Europe and reviewing the development of GALILEO (alongside EGNOS and the European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency). The research finds that a fully operational GALILEO will likely not be achieved in 2020; and, that the UK, whilst contributing massively (both financially and technologically) is unlikely to reap the full benefits of GALILEO