The 2017 BFA Graduating Class Department of Visual Arts

Between the covers of this volume, you will find a myriad of stories. When they arrive at Grenfell Campus, our visual arts students bring with them a distinct set of experiences. During their time here, these experiences colour their work and studies, their perceptions and their realities. Sightlines reveals just a small window into this amalgam of past and present experiences and insights. The fourth-year catalogue is the product of vision, innovation and expectation

The development of prosodic contrastivity during the first year of life

The relationship between the infant's early vocal development and subsequent speech and language development has been generally a matter of speculation, largely based upon anecdotal evidence, despite the voluminous literature on the subject. Included in the existing data on infant prosodic development are descriptions of differentiated crying behaviour ostensibly expressive of different internal states such as pain, hunger and pleasure. Instances of differential vocalization to objects and people have likewise been alluded to in the literature, but no systematic studies of the phenomenon have been made. The present study examines certain aspects of vocal differentiation and differential vocalization, primarily with respect to familiar environmental objects. Nineteen normal, healthy, 'first-born' infants served as subjects. All were being raised in an exclusively monolingual English home environment, where all data were collected at biweekly intervals from five weeks to approximately one year of age. The vocalizations of ten of the infants were studied longitudinally over an entire year, the remaining subjects from five weeks to approximately six months. Intonation patterns of non-cry vocalizations occurring in two basic situations (i.e., infant alone and infant in the context of various objects) were analyzed spectrographically for fundamental frequency, within-utterance range, duration and contour. Each variable was examined longitudinally and in different contexts. A number of age trends are evident: Duration and within-utterance range increase with age, whereas fundamental frequency remains relatively stable over the first year. Females exhibit a higher F₀ than males at all age levels examined. Peak values of the variables are commonly observed at 4-6, 9 and (to a lesser degree) 11 months. The RF intonation contour increases in frequency of occurrence during the first year, while the other contours demonstrate little change. Contrasts of utterances occurring in different categories reveal essentially no difference between contexts for the variables studied. Examination of the distributions of the different intonation contours for each context indicates that the infants could be manipulating contour differentially in a given context. In sum, it is felt that the infants exhibit a very real, albeit circumscribed, capacity for vocally differentiating environmental events. It is felt that there exists sufficient evidence to refute the parochial view that linguistic acquisition can only be relevantly discussed when the child's segmental phonetic output begins to resemble that of the adult standard. The evidence presented corroborates the hypothesis of continuity from babbling to speech.Medicine, Faculty ofAudiology and Speech Sciences, School ofGraduat

The use of the rebus as an instructional device in beginning reading instruction

This study examines the feasibility of the rebus interspersed in context as an instructional tool to teach sight vocabulary to the beginning reader. The rebus is presented in four categories: 1) noun, 2) verb, 3) adjective, 4) adverb. A pre-test - treatment - post-test design was implemented and the results are reported in terms of Gain Scores. This examiner found that the order of difficulty from easy-to-hard was as follows: 1) nouns, 2) verbs, 3) adjectives, 4) adverbs. In addition, it was found that all students benefited from this method including those classified as slow learners

Wellhead protection concepts for subsea marginal developments - Grand Banks of Newfoundland

As the offshore industry matures on the Grand Banks, the desire to tap into more marginal oil and gas reserves will be realized and efficient exploitation will be required. A study has been undertaken to enable evaluation of wellhead protection concepts for subsea marginal developments located on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. The study has focused mainly on concepts that maintain probability of well blowout as a result of freely floating and scouring icebergs below accepted levels of risk. The investigation provides a framework from which intelligent decisions can be made regarding the relative benefits and costs of different protection concepts. -- In order to represent both ends of the spectrum in terms of size and architecture, two subsea marginal field development scenarios, considered typical for the area, were selected. These include (1) single well and (2) clustered multi-well developments tied back to an existing production facility. -- A thorough overview of existing wellhead protection technical solutions such as Open Glory Holes, Cased Glory Holes, Caisson Wellhead Systems and Protective External Barriers were presented. Existing failsafe systems such as surface controlled-subsurface safety valves (SCSSV's) were also investigated in detail to determine their reliability and potential effectiveness for protection against uncontrolled well blowout in the case of catastrophic wellhead damage due to an iceberg encounter. -- A minimum risk acceptance criterion associated with wellhead protection in the region was established to be less than 1 x 10⁻⁵ per annum. Utilizing existing methodologies developed from simple geometric models along with the appropriate iceberg data, an analysis was performed in order to determine the encounter and contact probabilities to wellhead facilities as they relate to the various protection concepts. -- To support the selection and decision making process, a cost analysis was performed. The methodology used in the analysis involved a full comparison of capital expenditure (CAPEX) incorporating the risks associated with iceberg contact. Consequences resulting from an iceberg contact such as lost production, environmental cleanup and replacement I repair costs are factored by the probability of that event occurring. -- Results of the study indicate that SCSSV's and other fail-safe systems offer an obvious solution for reduction in overall risk and up-front development costs. The cost analysis indicates the "Modified Cased Hole" protection concept to be most attractive protection solution from a combined cost & risk approach. A conventional "unprotected" subsea well installation for the Grand Banks may prove to be a feasible development scenario given further research. -- Additional work is recommended addressing issues such as well downhole response mechanisms, SCSSV reliability and refinement to the inherent conservatisms & limitations in well blowout probability calculations

A Medical - genetic survey of a human isolate

Bibliography: p. 123-132

The Design and application of a high quality three dimensional linear trajectory filter

Bibliography: p. 106-107

The Contribution of Skeletal Muscle Metabolism to Aerobic Scope of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Beyond cellular maintenance, fish require additional energy to accomplish activities such as swimming, digestion, growth, and reproduction. Aerobic scope is the capacity to increase metabolic rate above the minimum (i.e. standard vs maximal metabolism) to meet the demands required for these other activities. Increasing temperatures often increase the standard metabolic rate, reducing and limiting aerobic scope, and it has been suggested this may ultimately limit heat tolerance in fishes. Many different tissues collectively contribute to metabolic rate, but we do not know if specific tissues dominate energy use in fishes, nor how they are impacted by temperature. This thesis investigated the hypothesis that red, aerobic muscle is the primary contributor to the aerobic metabolism, and thus aerobic scope, of a swimming fish. Swim tunnel respirometry using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and measures of oxygen consumption on isolated, working muscle were used to determine their respective aerobic scopes, using oxygen as a proxy for aerobic metabolism across a range of temperatures, up to those approaching the critical thermal maximum of rainbow trout. Further, the mass of red muscle in fish, along with measures of metabolic rate, were used to assess the contribution of red muscle metabolism to that of the whole fish. It was found that red muscle was not a major contributor of aerobic metabolism compared to the whole fish, and thus it was not a major component of aerobic scope. However, red muscle showed similar effects of temperature on both resting and maximum metabolism as that seen in whole fish, increasing the standard metabolic rate at high temperatures but not affecting the maximum metabolic rate. Further, red muscle power output was significantly reduced at high temperatures while metabolic rate was not, potentially implicating the cost of maintenance of muscle as one contributing factor to the high mortality rate of fish at high temperatures