Faulkner's Light in August: A Novel in Black and White

This is the publisher's version, also available from http://azq.arizona.edu/.No abstract is available for this item

Beyond Oedipus: Lucas Beauchamp, Ned Barnett, and Faulkner's Intruder in the Dust

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modern_fiction_studies/v053/53.4fowler.htmlRead for its latent meanings, Intruder in the Dust traces the cause of racial lynchings to a model of identity formation based in exclusionary tactics. At this symbolic level, the novel's two central developments, the mob frenzy to lynch Lucas Beauchamp and the murder of Vinson Gowrie, appear to be motivated by a desire to identify and empower the self through the abjection of another. Disguised by doubling and distanced by undeveloped characters and a convoluted plot, the novel's project is to mount an inquiry into the fundamental problem at the crux of the psychoanalytic and psycholinguistic master narrative of identity, namely, that difference, in particular, white, male difference (what Lacan calls "the phallic distinction"), appears to be insecurely secured by repression. Stripped to its essentials, the identity narrative stipulates that alienation, or displacement, prevents culture's binaries, like male and female or black and white, from collapsing into one another. This narrative accepts as axiomatic that authority and autonomy are purchased by enforced subordination and that egalitarianism is a threat to differential meanings. Faulkner's novels, however, accept no first principle as a given; rather, they relentlessly expose and question a system of signification that exalts [End Page 788] exclusionary tactics—like the lynching of Lucas Beauchamp—as the foundation of meaning and identity

Flannery O’Connor’s Productive Violence

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/arizona_quarterly_a_journal_of_american_literature_culture_and_theory/v067/67.2.fowler.html.No abstract is available for this item

"In Another Country": Faulkner's A Fable

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/studies_in_american_fiction/v015/15.1.fowler.html.Although the setting of A Fable is ostensibly France during the years of World War I, William Faulkner seems to have rejected this unambiguous designation of the time and place of his novel. In a letter to Robert Haas written in 1947, Faulkner explains that, for him, the locale of A Fable is "fabulous" and "imaginary."1 As if to underscore this mythic foreign setting, the phrase "in another country" echoes like a refrain throughout the novel. While the phrase crops up frequently in A Fable, its most conspicuous incarnation is as a fragment of a literary quotation twice invoked by the runner. This repeated quotation, which the runner chants like an incantation, has mystified commentators since the allusion does not appear to have any obvious connection to its immediate context. 2 However, the runner's literary excerpt is not an empty rhetorical flourish in that the quotation is demonstrably relevant to the large issues that Faulkner's novel explores. A Fable, as its decorative crosses attest, is a religious allegory, and the "in another country" allusion, in combination with other allusions in Faulkner's text, addresses the central subject of all religious writing, the problem of human evil

Faulkner's Return to the Freudian Father: Sanctuary Reconsidered

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modern_fiction_studies/v050/50.2fowler.html.Faulkner's disclaimer that he was "not familiar with" Freud (Faulkner in the University 268) often has been regarded skeptically by scholars. John T. Irwin, for example, identifies Freudian allusions in Mosquitoes (1927) and wryly observes that "if the author of the novel was not familiar with Freud, his characters certainly were" (Doubling 5). Possibly Faulkner meant that he had not formally studied Freud since he readily admitted that he had been exposed to Freudian ideas: "Everybody talked about Freud when I lived in New Orleans, but I never read him" (Lion 251). Alternatively, we could interpret Faulkner's statement as a Bloomian denial of influence. Irwin theorizes that Faulkner may have actively resisted acknowledging Freud's work "to avoid the threat to his own creative energy and enterprise that might be posed by a sense of his own work having [End Page 411] been anticipated by Freud's" (Doubling 5). Of course, Faulkner himself subscribed to the view that all such speculation is irrelevant since the artist can intuit the psychic paradigms that the scientist analyzes: "a writer don't have to know Freud to have written things which anyone who does know Freud can divine and reduce into symbols. And so when the critic finds those symbols, they are of course there. But they were there as inevitably as the critic should stumble on his own knowledge of Freud to discern symbol" (Faulkner in the University 147). Faulkner's understanding of the creative process mirrors Freud's, who frequently stated that poets often "discover" what philosophers and scientists theorize about many years later. However we choose to read Faulkner's acquaintance with Freud—whether as a direct influence or as an independent, parallel investigation of similar psychic processes—as countless critics have demonstrated, the texts of his novels reveal a persistent, even obsessive, engagement with Freudian motifs. In particular, in Sanctuary he compulsively revisits and refashions a centerpiece of Freudian thought, an image out of the unconscious mind that Freud called the primal scene

Factors affecting continuation of clean intermittent catheterisation in people with multiple sclerosis: results of the COSMOS mixed-methods study

Background:  Clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC) is often recommended for people with multiple sclerosis (MS).  Objective:  To determine the variables that affect continuation or discontinuation of the use of CIC.  Methods:  A three-part mixed-method study (prospective longitudinal cohort (n = 56), longitudinal qualitative interviews (n = 20) and retrospective survey (n = 456)) was undertaken, which identified the variables that influenced CIC continuation/discontinuation. The potential explanatory variables investigated in each study were the individual’s age, gender, social circumstances, number of urinary tract infections, bladder symptoms, presence of co-morbidity, stage of multiple sclerosis and years since diagnosis, as well as CIC teaching method and intensity.  Results:  For some people with MS the prospect of undertaking CIC is difficult and may take a period of time to accept before beginning the process of using CIC. Ongoing support from clinicians, support at home and a perceived improvement in symptoms such as nocturia were positive predictors of continuation. In many cases, the development of a urinary tract infection during the early stages of CIC use had a significant detrimental impact on continuation.  Conclusion:  Procedures for reducing the incidence of urinary tract infection during the learning period (i.e. when being taught and becoming competent) should be considered, as well as the development of a tool to aid identification of a person’s readiness to try CIC

Heritage designation and scale: a World Heritage case study of the Ningaloo Coast

© 2015 Tod Jones, Roy Jones and Michael Hughes As heritage research has engaged with a greater plurality of heritage practices, scale has emerged as an important concept in Heritage Studies, albeit relatively narrowly defined as hierarchical levels (household, local, national, etcetera). This paper argues for a definition of scale in heritage research that incorporates size (geographical scale), level (vertical scale) and relation (an understanding that scale is constituted through dynamic relationships in specific contexts). The paper utilises this definition of scale to analyse heritage designation first through consideration of changing World Heritage processes, and then through a case study of the world heritage designation of the Ningaloo Coast region in Western Australia. Three key findings are: both scale and heritage gain appeal because they are abstractions, and gain definition through the spatial politics of interrelationships within specific situations; the spatial politics of heritage designation comes into focus through attention to those configurations of size, level and relation that are invoked and enabled in heritage processes; and researchers choice to analyse or ignore particular scales and scalar politics are political decisions. Utilising scale as size, level and relation enables analyses that move beyond heritage to the spatial politics through which all heritage is constituted