Basic Bodice Blocks Development for Fitting Large-Breasted Women

A growing number of women in the United States have a cup size larger than D. The clothing industry is not addressing these women\u27s needs through present methods used in mass production. Hence, there is an opportunity for the industry to improve the design and fit of mass-produced garments for large-breasted women. This is particularly challenging for large-breasted women who still fall into a Missy-size category in terms of waist and other body measurements. Therefore, this paper proposes a new sizing system and a novel basic bodice block drafting method specifically for Missy-size large-breasted women. It was found that two additional body measurements are needed to accommodate Missy-size large-breasted women\u27s needs. In addition, since waist dart size and placements were found to be significantly affected by cup size and apex location, they should be calculated and drafted accordingly

Compensation for coarticulation reflects gesture perception, not spectral contrast

Talkers temporally overlap the phonetic gestures of speech, a behavior known as coarticulation or coproduction. Gestures characteristically begin in the domain of other, earlier gestures (anticipatory coarticulation) and characteristically end in the domain of later gestures (carryover, or perseveratory, coarticulation). This renders the acoustic speech signal highly context sensitive. However, remarkably, listeners do not, in general, hear it that way. Rather, they compensate for coarticulation. To take a much-studied example, in natural speech, constriction gestures of /l/ and /r/ of a precursor syllable, /al/ or /ar/, can carry over into those of a following /d/ or / / gesture. One outcome can be that the point of constriction achieved during closure for /d/ and / / reflects a blending of their own constriction gestures with those of /r/ or /l/. The pharyngeal constriction for /r/ may pull the point of articulation during the stop consonants back. The tongue tip constriction for /l/ may pull the point of constriction during / / forward. In addition, /r/ is a rounded consonant, and the rounding constriction gesture carries over into the following syllable, further adding to the context sensitivity of the acoustic signals during /da/ and / a/. However, There are other findings of compensation as well. For example, listeners identify more of the ambiguous members along a /ta/-/ka/ continuum as /t/ when they follow /ʃ/ than when they follow /s/ 161 Copyright 2006 Psychonomic Society, Inc. Preparation of the article was supported by Grants HD-01994 and DC-02717 to Haskins Laboratories. I thank Brook Swainson for making the stimuli in Experiment 1 and Doug Honorof both for serving as the second talker in Experiment 1 and for providing expertise for the acoustic analyses reported i

Imitation as a Basis for Phonetic Learning After the Critical Period

Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (2000

Physiotherapy practice in pulmonary hypertension: physiotherapist and patient perspectives

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-limiting disease affecting circulation to the lungs. The primary symptom of PH is breathlessness, yet research has shown that patients with PH can exercise safely and can benefit from exercise to improve exercise capacity and maintain quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the nature of physiotherapy delivered to patients with PH in the UK. This was a two-phase sequential, exploratory, mixed-methods study. Interviews were conducted with seven lead physiotherapists at specialist pulmonary hypertension centers and three patients. Survey data came from 63 physiotherapists caring for patients with PH in specialist and non-specialist settings. The findings from the two phases were triangulated and analyzed. Findings showed that physiotherapists and patients see the benefit and potential of physical activity for patients with PH to maintain functional wellbeing. However, current physiotherapy provision focuses on acute inpatient care and planning for discharge and is not therefore aligned with research evidence and clinical guidelines. In the absence of inpatient rehabilitation facilities, physiotherapists will occasionally access existing community services, e.g. pulmonary rehabilitation; however, specialist knowledge of this rare condition can be lacking in local services. There is aspiration among physiotherapists and patients for a new approach which supports patients from diagnosis with PH to end of life. This includes promoting and delivering rehabilitation and exercise interventions to achieve better health outcomes, in line with patient needs. Treatment would be commissioned and delivered within existing national health systems with physiotherapists developing strategies for health improvement

Factors affecting continuation of clean intermittent catheterisation in people with multiple sclerosis: results of the COSMOS mixed-methods study

Background:  Clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC) is often recommended for people with multiple sclerosis (MS).  Objective:  To determine the variables that affect continuation or discontinuation of the use of CIC.  Methods:  A three-part mixed-method study (prospective longitudinal cohort (n = 56), longitudinal qualitative interviews (n = 20) and retrospective survey (n = 456)) was undertaken, which identified the variables that influenced CIC continuation/discontinuation. The potential explanatory variables investigated in each study were the individual’s age, gender, social circumstances, number of urinary tract infections, bladder symptoms, presence of co-morbidity, stage of multiple sclerosis and years since diagnosis, as well as CIC teaching method and intensity.  Results:  For some people with MS the prospect of undertaking CIC is difficult and may take a period of time to accept before beginning the process of using CIC. Ongoing support from clinicians, support at home and a perceived improvement in symptoms such as nocturia were positive predictors of continuation. In many cases, the development of a urinary tract infection during the early stages of CIC use had a significant detrimental impact on continuation.  Conclusion:  Procedures for reducing the incidence of urinary tract infection during the learning period (i.e. when being taught and becoming competent) should be considered, as well as the development of a tool to aid identification of a person’s readiness to try CIC

Articulatory Tradeoffs Reduce Acoustic Variability During American English /r/ Production

Acoustic and articulatory recordings reveal that speakers utilize systematic articulatory tradeoffs to maintain acoustic stability when producing the phoneme /r/. Distinct articulator configurations used to produce /r/ in various phonetic contexts show systematic tradeoffs between the cross-sectional areas of different vocal tract sections. Analysis of acoustic and articulatory variabilities reveals that these tradeoffs act to reduce acoustic variability, thus allowing large contextual variations in vocal tract shape; these contextual variations in turn apparently reduce the amount of articulatory movement required. These findings contrast with the widely held view that speaking involves a canonical vocal tract shape target for each phoneme.National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (1R29-DC02852-02, 5R01-DC01925-04, 1R03-C2576-0l); National Science Foundation (IRI-9310518

Elevated Pressure Improves the Extraction and Identification of Proteins Recovered from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Surrogates

Proteomic studies of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are frustrated by the inability to extract proteins from archival tissue in a form suitable for analysis by 2-D gel electrophoresis or mass spectrometry. This inability arises from the difficulty of reversing formaldehyde-induced protein adducts and cross-links within FFPE tissues. We previously reported the use of elevated hydrostatic pressure as a method for efficient protein recovery from a hen egg-white lysozyme tissue surrogate, a model system developed to study formalin fixation and histochemical processing.In this study, we demonstrate the utility of elevated hydrostatic pressure as a method for efficient protein recovery from FFPE mouse liver tissue and a complex multi-protein FFPE tissue surrogate comprised of hen egg-white lysozyme, bovine carbonic anhydrase, bovine ribonuclease A, bovine serum albumin, and equine myoglobin (55∶15∶15∶10∶5 wt%). Mass spectrometry of the FFPE tissue surrogates retrieved under elevated pressure showed that both the low and high-abundance proteins were identified with sequence coverage comparable to that of the surrogate mixture prior to formaldehyde treatment. In contrast, non-pressure-extracted tissue surrogate samples yielded few positive and many false peptide identifications. Studies with soluble formalin-treated bovine ribonuclease A demonstrated that pressure modestly inhibited the rate of reversal (hydrolysis) of formaldehyde-induced protein cross-links. Dynamic light scattering studies suggest that elevated hydrostatic pressure and heat facilitate the recovery of proteins free of formaldehyde adducts and cross-links by promoting protein unfolding and hydration with a concomitant reduction in the average size of the protein aggregates.These studies demonstrate that elevated hydrostatic pressure treatment is a promising approach for improving the recovery of proteins from FFPE tissues in a form suitable for proteomic analysis