Anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus casei BL23 producing or not a manganese-dependant catalase on DSS-induced colitis in mice

Background :Human immune cells generate large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) throughout the respiratory burst that occurs during inflammation. In inflammatory bowel diseases, a sustained and abnormal activation of the immune system results in oxidative stress in the digestive tract and in a loss of intestinal homeostasis. We previously showed that the heterologous production of the Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC14431 manganese-dependant catalase (MnKat) in Lb. casei BL23 successfully enhances its survival when exposed to oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the preventive effects of this antioxidative Lb. casei strain in a murine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced moderate colitis.[br/] Results : Either Lb. casei BL23 MnKat- or MnKat+ was administered daily to mice treated with DSS for 10 days. In contrast to control mice treated with PBS for which DSS induced bleeding diarrhea and mucosal lesions, mice treated with both Lb. casei strains presented a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of caecal and colonic inflammatory scores.[br/] Conclusion : No contribution of MnKat to the protective effect from epithelial damage has been observed in the tested conditions. In contrast, these results confirm the high interest of Lb. casei as an anti-inflammatory probiotic strain

The null subject stage and children's referential choice: a case study of an English-speaking monolingual

This thesis explores the null subject phenomenon in English-speaking monolingual children by taking a closer look at the effect of discourse-pragmatic features on the realization of subject arguments in the speech of an English-speaking child. For that purpose, first the three dominant approaches in the literature, namely grammatical, performance and discourse-pragmatic accounts, are reviewed. Then, the framework of Hughes and Allen’s (2006, 2013, in press) studies is adopted to analyze the effect of four accessibility features, namely animacy, physical presence, prior mention, and linguistic disambiguation in the selected data. The results show that the child’s use of null subjects decreases as he moves towards the end of the null subject stage. They also indicate that the child is sensitive to the information flow and produces subjects based on the accessibility of different discourse-pragmatic features. The findings also reveal that such features have different weights as well as an incremental effect on the child’s choice of subject arguments. Finally, the other two approaches—the grammatical and performance perspectives—are brought back into discussion; by comparing all the three perspectives, it is concluded that an alternative unifying approach, as Allen (2006) maintains, would be able to provide a better more comprehensive explanation of the null subject phenomenon than any of the three can do alone

Anti-inflammatory effects of BL23 producing or not a manganese-dependant catalase on DSS-induced colitis in mice-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Anti-inflammatory effects of BL23 producing or not a manganese-dependant catalase on DSS-induced colitis in mice"</p><p>http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/6/1/22</p><p>Microbial Cell Factories 2007;6():22-22.</p><p>Published online 20 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1949835.</p><p></p>ment. (*) P < 0.05 no inflammation group (PBS) and inflamed control group (PBS DSS). . This parameter is expressed as percentage of intact mucosa and presented using box-and-whisker plots, = 10/treatment. (*) P < 0.05 no inflamed group (PBS) and inflamed control group (PBS DSS)

Anti-inflammatory effects of BL23 producing or not a manganese-dependant catalase on DSS-induced colitis in mice-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Anti-inflammatory effects of BL23 producing or not a manganese-dependant catalase on DSS-induced colitis in mice"</p><p>http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/6/1/22</p><p>Microbial Cell Factories 2007;6():22-22.</p><p>Published online 20 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1949835.</p><p></p>leeding. The three macroscopic parameters (mucosal thickening, ulcerative sites and bleeding inside digestive contents) were added together to obtain macroscopic scores for caecum, proximal and distal colon. Separate scores were added up to obtain a total macroscopic score for each mouse. (*: presence of blood using HémocultIIdetection test). . Swiss rolls were used to calculate a percentage of intact mucosa for each digestive segment. Three grades were defined depending on the mucosal state. The percentage of mucosal length in grade 0, 1 or 2 was calculated by microscopic observation of hematoxylin/eosin-stained sections (5 μm) and using LuciaGsoftware to measure the length of each section. Results were expressed as percentage of intact mucosa

Anti-inflammatory effects of BL23 producing or not a manganese-dependant catalase on DSS-induced colitis in mice-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Anti-inflammatory effects of BL23 producing or not a manganese-dependant catalase on DSS-induced colitis in mice"</p><p>http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/6/1/22</p><p>Microbial Cell Factories 2007;6():22-22.</p><p>Published online 20 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1949835.</p><p></p>ment. (*) P < 0.05 no inflammation group (PBS) and inflamed control group (PBS DSS). . This parameter is expressed as percentage of intact mucosa and presented using box-and-whisker plots, = 10/treatment. (*) P < 0.05 no inflamed group (PBS) and inflamed control group (PBS DSS)