8 research outputs found

    Small mammal fauna from Wulanhuxiu (Nei Mongol, China) implies the Irdinmanhan–Sharamurunian (Eocene) faunal turnover

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    Mandibular characteristics of early Glires (Mammalia) reveal mixed rodent and lagomorph morphotypes

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    Glires (rodents, lagomorphs and their fossil kin) is the most speciose and arguably most diversified clade of living placentals. Different lineages within the Glires evolved basically opposite chewing movements: a mostly transversal power stroke in lagomorphs, and a mostly proal power stroke in rodents, but the ancestral condition for Glires is still unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we studied the mandibles of Chinese Palaeocene Glires representing the duplicidentate (lagomorph-like; Mimotona) and simplicidentate (rodent-like; Eomylus and Heomys) lineages. To assess the mechanical resistance of mandibles to bending and torsion, we calculated the section modulus. The dentaries differ greatly in morphology and the region where the maximum grinding force was likely applied. The early Palaeocene Mimotona lii and the middle Palaeocene Mimotona robusta and Heomys orientalis all show a pattern of increasing strength moving posteriorly along the mandible, similar to sciurids and the mountain beaver. By contrast, the late Palaeocene Eomylus sp. mandible was strongest in the m1 region, a pattern seen in lagomorphs and the stem placental Zofialestes. Our results indicate the early diversification of mandible structure of Glires, demonstrate a mixture of duplicidentate and simplicidentate characters among the basal Glires and suggest an early occurrence of a lagomorph-like morphotype. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The mammalian skull: development, structure and function’

    Toward mammal origins

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    Book review World in the shale

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    The saga of birds

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    Sankar Chatterjee 2015. The Rise of Birds. 225 Million Years of Evolution. Second Edition. 370 pp. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-1590-1 (hardcover). Price 59.95;e−book59.95; e-book 59.95

    PremiĂšre rĂ©colte de <i>Trogontherium cuvieri</i> (Mammalia, Rodentia) du PlĂ©istocĂšne moyen de Pologne et rĂ©vision de l’espĂšce

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    Les restes fossiles de Castoridae sont relativement rares en Pologne. Il s’agit essentiellement de petites espĂšces miocĂšnes, comme Chalicomys jaegeri Kaup, 1832, Steneofiber eseri (Meyer, 1846) et S. minutus Meyer, 1838, ainsi que Boreofiber wenzensis (Sulimski, 1964) du PliocĂšne et de l’espĂšce contemporaine Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758 connue en abondance dans le PlĂ©istocĂšne supĂ©rieur. On dĂ©crit ici la rĂ©colte de Trogontherium cuvieri Fischer de Waldheim, 1809, un grand Castoridae eurasiatique dans le site Kozi Grzbiet (centre de la Pologne) datĂ© du dĂ©but du PlĂ©istocĂšne moyen ; il s’agit de la premiĂšre rĂ©colte de cette espĂšce en Pologne. L’aire de rĂ©partition de cette espĂšce au PliocĂšne supĂ©rieur et au PlĂ©istocĂšne infĂ©rieur (oĂč il a atteint son maximum) englobait l’Eurasie depuis la France jusqu’à la Chine Ă  l’est et depuis la SibĂ©rie du nord (rĂ©gion de la Kolyma) jusqu’à la Mer d’Azov au sud. Trogontherium cuvieri s’est Ă©teint Ă  la fin du PlĂ©istocĂšne moyen (Saalien). L’histoire taxonomique et les problĂšmes complexes de nomenclature de cette espĂšce sont prĂ©sentĂ©s. On prĂ©sente Ă©galement la rĂ©partition des restes fossiles de cette espĂšce et quelques changements Ă©volutifs concernant la dentition, ainsi qu’un bref rĂ©sumĂ© des caractĂšres du squelette postcrĂąnien. De façon gĂ©nĂ©rale, le mode de vie de cet animal Ă©tait plus liĂ© Ă  l’habitat terrestre que celui du Castor contemporain.The fossil record of the family Castoridae in Poland is rather poor. It consists mainly of small Miocene species, Chalicomys jaegeri Kaup, 1832, Steneofiber eseri (Meyer, 1846), and S. minutus Meyer, 1838, as well as Pliocene Boreofiber wenzensis (Sulimski, 1964) and more abundant remains of Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758, from the late Pleistocene. Herein, the first discovery of Trogontherium cuvieri Fischer de Waldheim, 1809, a large Eurasian beaver from the early middle Pleistocene site of Kozi Grzbiet (Central Poland) is reported. This species was widespread in Eurasia during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene, when it reached its maximum dispersal, ranging from France eastwards to China and from northern Siberia (the Kolyma region) southwards to the Sea of Azov. It became extinct in the middle Pleistocene (Saalian). The taxonomic history and complex nomenclature of this beaver are reviewed and discussed. The European fossil record of this species and some evolutionary trends in its dentition are summarized. Also, a brief review of the postcranial characters and possible mode of life of the animal are presented. In general, its adaptations confirm a more terrestrial lifestyle than that of the modern Castor.</p
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