Maggie\u27s Cancer Centre Manchester

https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/bcs/1422/thumbnail.jp

Open Science by Default: a FOSTER Approach

The European Commission has described RRI as a framework consisting of six key pillars: Engagement (science and society). Gender Equality. Science Education (knowledge and tools for future researchers and other societal actors). Open Access (publications and data). Ethic (codes of conduct, transparency). Governance (responsibility, trustiness and compliance). Open science is based on these principles: Open methodology, open software, open data, open access, open peer review and open educational resources. Both conceptions share collaboration among different stakeholders, ethical principles governing science, best practices to share and collaborate in science, and science accessible to citizens, among others. FOSTER (Facilitate Open Science Training for European Research) is a EC funded project under the 7th FP that aims to Integrate open science principles and practice in the current research workflow, and support especially young researcher to adopt those practices. In order to achieve these objectives, FOSTER has implemented different learning and dissemination approaches: face to face training activities, free online courses, workshops and seminars. The results lead to conclude there is no one-size-fits-all solution: audience, culture, disciplines, societies must be taken into account to embrace RRI and open science principles. This communication presents some of the results of FOSTER project related to their training activities, based on 2 years of intensive training of all stakeholders in the research ecosystem.European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme Grant Agreement No. 612425.Peer reviewe

Nueva instalación de telecomunicaciones. Santiago de Compostela (Galicia, España)

The proposal of Sir Norman Foster and Partners for the Telecommunications Center of Monte Pedroso in Santiago Compostela departs from the conventional type of tall telecommunications tower, which has been consolidated in the last third of the XX century. The architecture of this kind of facilities, conditioned technologically and functionally, undergoes continuous evolution in accordance with the extremely rapid progress of the telecommunication systems. The article explains the fundamentals of the novel typological approach of the Santiago Telecommunications Center, inducing the reader to reflect on the importance that the considerations relative to the site, function and construction have in the process of generating an architectural form.La propuesta de Sir Norman Foster and Partners para el Centro de Telecomunicaciones del Monte Pedroso en Santiago de Compostela, se aleja del tipo convencional de torre de telecomunicaciones desarrollada en altura que se ha consolidado durante el último tercio del siglo XX. La arquitectura de esta clase de instalaciones, tan condicionada tecnológicamente y funcionalmente, está sometida a una continua evolución en consonancia con el vertiginoso progreso de los sistemas de telecomunicación. El artículo expone los fundamentos del novedoso planteamiento tipológico del Centro de Telecomunicaciones de Santiago, invitando a la reflexión sobre la trascendencia que las consideraciones relativas al lugar, la función y la construcción tienen en el proceso de generación de la forma arquitectónica

Treatment and disease progression in a birth cohort of vertically HIV-1 infected children in Ukraine

Background: Ukraine has the highest HIV prevalence (1.6%) and is facing the fastest growing epidemic in Europe. Our objective was to describe the clinical, immunological and virological characteristics, treatment and response in vertically HIV-infected children living in Ukraine and followed from birth.Methods: The European Collaborative Study (ECS) is an ongoing cohort study, in which HIV-1 infected pregnant women are enrolled and followed in pregnancy, and their children prospectively followed from birth. ECS enrolment in Ukraine started in 2000 initially with three sites, increasing to seven sites by 2009.Results: A total of 245 infected children were included in the cohort by April 2009, with a median age of 23 months at most recent follow-up; 33% (n = 77) had injecting drug using mothers and 85% (n = 209) were infected despite some use of antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Fifty-five (22%) children had developed AIDS, at a median age of 10 months (IQR = 6-19). The most prevalent AIDS indicator disease was Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP). Twenty-seven (11%) children had died (median age, 6.2 months). Overall, 108 (44%) children had started highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), at a median 18 months of age; median HAART duration was 6.6 months to date. No child discontinued HAART and 92% (100/108) remained on their first-line HAART regimen to date. Among children with moderate/severe immunosuppression, 36% had not yet started HAART. Among children on HAART, 71% (69/97) had no evidence of immunosuppression at their most recent visit; the median reduction in HIV RNA was 4.69 log10 copies/mL over a median of 10 months treatment. From survival analysis, an estimated 94%, 84% and 81% of children will be alive and AIDS-free at 6, 12 and 18 months of age, respectively. However, survival increased significantly over time: estimated survival rates to 12 months of age were 87% for children born in 2000/03 versus 96% for those born in 2004/08.Conclusion: One in five children had AIDS and one in ten had died. The half of children who received HAART has responded well and survival has significantly improved over time. Earlier diagnosis and prompt initiation of HAART remain key challenges

From the Sum of Near-Zero Energy Buildings to the Whole of a Near-Zero Energy Housing Settlement: The Role of Communal Spaces in Performance-Driven Design

Almost a century ago Modernism challenged the structure of the city and reshaped its physical space in order to, amongst other things, accommodate new transportation infrastructure and road networks proclaiming the,nowadays much-debated ‘scientificated’ pursuit of efficiency for the city. This transformation has had a great impact on the way humans still design, move in, occupy and experience the city. Today major cities in Europe, such as Paris and London, are considering banning vehicles from their historic centers. In parallel, significant effort is currently underway internationally by designers, architects, and engineers to integrate innovative technologies and sophisticated solutions for energy production, management, and storage, as well as for efficient energy consumption, into the architecture of buildings. In general, this effort seeks for new technologies and design methods (e.g., DesignBuilder with EnergyPlus simulation engine; Rhicoceros3D with Grasshopper plugin and Ecotect, Radiance and EnergyPlus tools) that would enable a holistic approach to the spatial design of Near-Zero Energy buildings, so that their ecological benefits are an added value to the architectural design and a building’s visual, and material, impact on its surrounding space. The paper inquires how the integration of such technological infrastructure and performance-orientated interfaces changes yet again the structure and form of cities, and to what extent it safeguards social rights and enables equal access to common resources. Drawing from preliminary results and initial considerations of ongoing research that involve the construction of four innovative NZE settlements across Europe, in the context of the EU-funded ZERO-PLUS project, this paper discusses the integration of novel infrastructure in communal spaces of these settlements. In doing so, it contributes to the debate about smart communities and their role in the sustainable management of housing developments and settlements that are designed and developed with the concept of smart territories

Freie Universität Berlin, Philologische Bibliothek

Interior, roof and walls with translucent inner membrane looking up at curved mezzanine; The Free University was founded in 1945; today, with more than 39,000 students, it is the largest of Berlin’s three universities. This redevelopment scheme included the restoration of its Modernist (1973) buildings and the creation of the new library, which holds 700,000 volumes in the humanities. The new library occupies a site created by uniting six of the university's courtyards. Its four floors are contained within a naturally ventilated, bubble-like enclosure, which is clad in aluminum and glazed panels and supported on a tubular steel frame with a radial geometry. A translucent inner membrane filters daylight. It has been nicknamed "the Berlin Brain" for its cranial form. The double skin of the enclosure acts as an air duct and thermal buffer, "breathing" through the opening and closing of different panels. The mass of the concrete structure, itself a passive thermal store, is further heated and cooled by piped water inside the structure. It consumes 35% less energy than a comparable sized building. Source: Foster + Partners [website]; http://www.fosterandpartners.com/ (accessed 7/11/2013

Freie Universität Berlin, Philologische Bibliothek

Library connecting to neighboring building with a membrane covered bridge; The Free University was founded in 1945; today, with more than 39,000 students, it is the largest of Berlin’s three universities. This redevelopment scheme included the restoration of its Modernist (1973) buildings and the creation of the new library, which holds 700,000 volumes in the humanities. The new library occupies a site created by uniting six of the university's courtyards. Its four floors are contained within a naturally ventilated, bubble-like enclosure, which is clad in aluminum and glazed panels and supported on a tubular steel frame with a radial geometry. A translucent inner membrane filters daylight. It has been nicknamed "the Berlin Brain" for its cranial form. The double skin of the enclosure acts as an air duct and thermal buffer, "breathing" through the opening and closing of different panels. The mass of the concrete structure, itself a passive thermal store, is further heated and cooled by piped water inside the structure. It consumes 35% less energy than a comparable sized building. Source: Foster + Partners [website]; http://www.fosterandpartners.com/ (accessed 7/11/2013